Löwenstein-Wertheim was a county of the
Holy Roman Empire, part of the
Franconian Circle. It was formed from the counties of Löwenstein (based in the town of
Löwenstein) and Wertheim (based in the town of
Wertheim am Main) and from 1488 until 1806 ruled by the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim who are morganatic descendants (and the most senior line) of the
Palatinate branch of the
House of Wittelsbach.
History
The County of Löwenstein belonged to a branch of the family of the counts of
Calw before 1281, when it was purchased by the German King
Rudolph I of
Habsburg, who presented it to his natural son Albert. In 1441 Henry, one of Albert's descendants, sold it to
Frederick I, Count Palatine of the Rhine, head of the Palatine branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and later it served as a portion for
Louis (1494-1524), a son of the elector by a morganatic marriage, who became a count of the Empire in 1494.[1] Louis obtained
Löwenstein in
Swabia and received from
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor the title of Count of Löwenstein.[citation needed]
The family lost Löwenstein to
Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, but Louis III, Count of Löwenstein, through his marriage to Anna, heiress of the Count of Wertheim, obtained that territory.[citation needed] Louis III left two sons: Christopher Louis, a Lutheran, and John Dietrich, who remained a Catholic, so the family was divided in two: Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, a Lutheran branch, and Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, a Catholic one. The heads of the two branches, into which the older and Protestant line was afterwards divided, were made princes by the king of
Bavaria in 1812 and by the king of
Württemberg in 1813; the head of the younger, or Roman Catholic line, was made a prince of the Empire in 1711.[1]
With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806,[1] the county was
mediatized and its territory was split among Bavaria,
Baden, Württemberg, and
Hesse. Under the protocol of Frankfurt on 20 July 1819 all the family lands were mediatised.[citation needed] The area of the County of Löwenstein was about 140 square kilometres (53 sq mi).[1]
Georg Ludwig survived his only son, with this line becoming extinct. His daughter and heiress Maria Christina of Löwenstein-Scharffeneck (1625–1673) married Gabriel
Oxenstierna, Count of
Korsholm and
Vaasa (1619–1673). The further Counts of
Korsholm and
Vaasa were their descendants.
Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1571–1636)
Ludwig III, Count 1571–1611 (1530-1611), third surviving son of Friedrich I, Count of Löwenstein, married heiress of
Wertheim am Main.
Ludwig IV, Count 1611–1635 (1569-1635), second son, co-heir with his brothers
Wolfgang Ernst, Count 1611–1636 (1578-1636), third son, co-heir with his brothers
Ludwig IV has no known descendants. Wolfgang Ernst only had one daughter, Dorothea Walpurga of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1628–1634) who predeceased him. Their lines were extinct with their own deaths.
Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (1611–1812)
Christof Ludwig, Count 1611–1618 (1568-1618), eldest son of Ludwig III, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim, co-heir with his brothers, married the heiress of
Virneburg