Geologic formation in Thailand
The Khok Kruat Formation (
Thai : หมวดหินโคกกรวด ) is a
rock formation found in northeastern
Thailand . It is the uppermost formation of the
Khorat Group .
[1] It is dated to the
Aptian
stage of the
Early Cretaceous
period , and is notable for its
fossils of
dinosaurs . It is equivalent to the
Gres superieurs Formation of
Laos .
[2] The group is a
fluvial formation consisting primarily of red
siltstones and
sandstones .
[1]
Vertebrate paleofauna
Color key
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text ; crossed out taxa are discredited.
The Khok Kruat Formation has yielded remains of sharks, fishes, turtles,
crocodilians and
pterosaurs .
Phuwiangosaurus -like teeth,
Siamosaurus teeth, and fragmentary
postcranial remains of
spinosaurids have also been recovered from it.
[3]
Fukuiraptor - like teeth have also been recovered from the formation.
[4]
Reptiles
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus
Species
Location
Material
Notes
Images
cf.
Asianopodus
cf. A. isp.
"Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat,
Tha Uthen District ,
Nakhon Phanom Province ".
[5]
"At least 79 trackways composed of 341 consecutive tracks in total".
[5]
Theropod tracks.
Ichnogen . et. sp. indet.
"Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat,
Tha Uthen District ,
Nakhon Phanom Province ".
[5]
"Two trackways: T23 composed of 6 consecutive tracks and T35 composed of 3 discontinuous tracks".
[5]
Flattened possible
theropod tracks.
Psittacosaurus
P. sattayaraki
[6]
Ban Dong Bang Noi
"Well preserved left
dentary and an incomplete
maxilla ."
[3]
A
ceratopsian
Ratchasimasaurus
R. suranareae
Nakhon Ratchasima province .
[7]
An
iguanodontian
ornithopod
Siamodon
S. nimngami
[8]
Ban Saphan Hin
PRC-4, a well-preserved left
maxilla , PRC-5, an isolated maxillary
tooth and PRC-6, a
braincase .
[8]
An iguanodontian ornithopod
Sirindhorna
S. khoratensis
Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District ,
Nakhon Ratchasima Province .
[9]
An
iguanodontian
ornithopod
Siamosaurus
S . sp .
[10]
Teeth
A
spinosaurid
Siamraptor
S. suwati
Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District ,
Nakhon Ratchasima Province .
[11]
"A composite cranial and postcranial skeleton comprising
premaxilla ,
maxilla ,
jugal ,
surangular , prearticular, articular, vertebrae, manual
ungual ,
ischium ,
tibia , and pedal
phalanx ".
[11]
A
carcharodontosaur
Pseudosuchians
Turtles
Fish
Bony fish
Cartilaginous fish
See also
References
^
a
b Eric Buffetaut (2009).
Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia . Geological Society of London. p. 146.
ISBN
978-1-86239-275-5 .
^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570.
ISBN
0-520-24209-2 .
^
a
b Eric Buffetaut; Varavudh Suteethorn; Jean Le Loeuff; Sasidhorn Khansubha; Haiyan Tong; Kamonlak Wongko (2005). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005) : 575–581.
^ Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Azuma, Yoichi; Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng (2015).
"The Carcharodontosaurid Teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand" . 2nd International Symposium on Asian Dinosaurs 2015 Bangkok .
^
a
b
c
d Kozu, Shohei; Sardsud, Apsorn; Saesaengseerung, Doungrutai; Pothichaiya, Cherdchan; Agematsu, Sachiko; Sashida, Katsuo (2017-11-01).
"Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand" (PDF) . Geoscience Frontiers . 8 (6): 1479–1493.
Bibcode :
2017GeoFr...8.1479K .
doi :
10.1016/j.gsf.2017.02.003 .
ISSN
1674-9871 .
^ Buffetaut, Eric & Suteethorn, Varavudh. (1992). A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology 35: 801-812.
^ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi (2011). "A New Iguanodontian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Nakhon Ratchasima in Northeastern Thailand". Acta Geologica Sinica . 85 (5): 969–976.
doi :
10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00230.x .
^
a
b Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2011). "A new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) of northeastern Thailand". Annales de Paléontologie . 97 (1–2): 51–62.
Bibcode :
2011AnPal..97...51B .
doi :
10.1016/j.annpal.2011.08.001 .
^ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi; You, Hai-Lu (2015-12-30).
"A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand" . PLOS ONE . 10 (12): e0145904.
Bibcode :
2015PLoSO..1045904S .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0145904 .
ISSN
1932-6203 .
PMC
4696827 .
PMID
26716981 .
^ Milner, Angela; Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2007).
"A tall-spined spinosaurid theropod from Thailand and the biogeography of spinosaurs" .
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 27 (supplement 3): 118A. Archived from
the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2020-06-08 .
^
a
b Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Hattori, Soki; Cuesta, Elena; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Shibata, Masateru; Azuma, Yoichi (2019-10-09).
"A new carcharodontosaurian theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" . PLOS ONE . 14 (10): e0222489.
Bibcode :
2019PLoSO..1422489C .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0222489 .
ISSN
1932-6203 .
PMC
6784982 .
PMID
31596853 .
^
a
b
c Lauprasert, Komsorn; Laojumpon, Chalida; Saenphala, Wanitchaphat; Cuny, Gilles; Thirakhupt, Kumthorn; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2010-06-12).
"Atoposaurid crocodyliforms from the Khorat Group of Thailand: first record of Theriosuchus from Southeast Asia" . Paläontologische Zeitschrift . 85 (1): 37–47.
doi :
10.1007/s12542-010-0071-z .
ISSN
0031-0220 .
S2CID
128623617 .
^
a
b Lauprasert, K.; Cuny, G.; Thirakhupt, K.; Suteethorn, V. (May 2009).
"Khoratosuchus jintasakuli gen. et sp. nov., an advanced neosuchian crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of NE Thailand" . Geological Society, London, Special Publications . 315 (1): 175–187.
Bibcode :
2009GSLSP.315..175L .
doi :
10.1144/sp315.13 .
ISSN
0305-8719 .
S2CID
131412579 .
^
a
b
c
d Tong, Haiyan; Claude, Julien; Suteethorn, Varavudh; Naksri, Wilailuck; Buffetaut, Eric (May 2009).
"Turtle assemblages of the Khorat Group (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) of NE Thailand and their palaeobiogeographical significance" . Geological Society, London, Special Publications . 315 (1): 141–152.
Bibcode :
2009GSLSP.315..141T .
doi :
10.1144/sp315.11 .
ISSN
0305-8719 .
S2CID
130709324 .
^
a
b Deesri, Uthumporn; Naksri, Wilailuck; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Noda, Yoshikazu; Yukawa, Hirokazu; Hossny, Tamara El; Cavin, Lionel (April 2023).
"A New Sinamiin Fish (Actinopterygii) from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand: Implications on the Evolutionary History of the Amiid Lineage" . Diversity . 15 (4): 491.
doi :
10.3390/d15040491 .
ISSN
1424-2818 .
^ Cavin, Lionel; Deesri, Uthumporn; Veran, Monette; Khentavong, Bounsou; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Chanthasit, Phornphen; Allain, Ronan (2019-03-04).
"A new Lepisosteiformes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Laos and Thailand, SE Asia" (PDF) . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 17 (5): 393–407.
doi :
10.1080/14772019.2018.1426060 .
ISSN
1477-2019 .
S2CID
90886053 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i Cappetta, Henri; Buffetaut, Eric; Cuny, Gilles; Suteethorn, Varavudh (May 2006).
"A New Elasmobranch Assemblage From The Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" . Palaeontology . 49 (3): 547–555.
Bibcode :
2006Palgy..49..547C .
doi :
10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00555.x .
ISSN
0031-0239 .
S2CID
129380407 .