Prior to the establishment of the province, the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao, upon their establishment through Act No. 1642 in 1907, were used to be part of
Lepanto-Bontoc (as Kalinga was taken from
Cagayan and
Isabela) and Cagayan provinces respectively.[4][5] The sub-provinces were annexed into the
Mountain Province which was established through Act No. 1876 in 1908.[6]
In the early years, the sub-provinces underwent series of territorial changes:[7]
Part of Kalinga was transferred to another sub-province Bontoc (Executive Order 53, 1914); same as part of Apayao to the province of
Ilocos Norte (EO 21, 1920).
1922: In Apayao, a barrio of municipal district of Bayag (
Calanasan) to Namaltugan.
1926: In Kalinga, barrios in municipal district of
Pinukpuk to
Balbalan.
1927: Parts of the municipal district of Pinukpuk in Kalinga to
Conner in Apayao.
The sub-provinces became part of Kalinga-Apayao which was created along with three other new provinces comprising the old
Mountain Province through Republic Act 4695 on June 18, 1966.[1] Those provinces, with
Abra, would become part of the
Cordillera Administrative Region, created through EO 220 on July 15, 1987.[8]
Since the creation of the sub-provinces,
Tabuc (Tabuk) was designated as the capital of Kalinga. In Apayao, its first sub-provincial capital was Tauit until mid-1915, when it was moved to
Kabugao via EO 45.[4][5][7][9]
By December 1988, 52% of the
barangays in the province were controlled by the
New People's Army communist insurgent group while 43% are "under its influence" according to the
House of RepresentativesCommittee on National Defense.[10] (Being divided later into two new provinces, both were separately declared insurgency-free in 2010: Apayao in February,[11] Kalinga in November.[12][13])
Abolition and division
By virtue of RA 7878, signed on February 14, 1995, the sub-provinces in Kalinga-Apayao were converted into two new provinces, Kalinga and Apayao, with their capitals remain the same as before.[2] Both comprises the same municipalities that were used to be part of these sub-provinces.[8]
Majority of voters in Kalinga-Apayao ratified the said law in a plebiscite on May 8.[14]
1995 plebiscite on the separation of Kalinga and Apayao
All municipal districts had been converted into regular municipalities prior to the establishment of the province in 1966.[1]
By the time Kalinga-Apayao was established, eight municipalities remained part of the subprovince of Kalinga, six municipalities in the Subprovince of Apayao as well.[1]
Within almost three decades, two new municipalities were later created. On the same day of the creation of the province, Pasil in Kalinga was created (RA 4741); also, Santa Marcela in Apayao in 1967 (RA 4974). Meanwhile, the municipality of Quirino in Kalinga, which had established before, was abolished sometime between 1975 and 1980. Before the division in 1995, the province had 15 municipalities and 283 barangays.[8]
Notes
^Created as a municipal district in 1932 through an executive order, taken from Lubuagan.[16]
^Later created as a municipal district prior to becoming a regular municipality in 1963.[17]
^
abCreated in 1964 via EO 111, later abolished and reverted to Balbalan and Pinukpuk before 1980.[8][18]
^Created in 1965 as Liwan via RA 4396, renamed in 1971 via RA 6184, taken from Tabuk.[8]
^Created in 1929 as municipal district of Macatel via EO 200, later renamed through a resolution, taken from Tauit.[20]
^Created in 1956 via EO 217, taken from Luna.[21][22]
^Created in 1963 via RA 3672, taken from Pudtol.[8]
^Abolished in 1936 via EO 13, annexed to Luna.[23] At present, it also comprises parts of the municipalities of Flora, Pudtol, Sta. Marcela, as well as
Allacapan (separated from this municipal district and organized into a new one in 1927 via EO 68)[7] and
Lasam in the province of
Cagayan.[21]
^Abolished in 1936 via EO 78, annexed to present-day Calanasan and Kabugao.[24]
^Created in 1966, same day as establishment of Kalinga-Apayao, via RA 4741, taken from Balbalan and Lubuagan.[8]
^Created on June 17, 1967 via RA 4974, taken from Flora and Luna.[8]
2Dissolved and divided between neighboring (sub-)provinces.
3Became the only sub-province left comprising Mountain Province in 1966, and therefore assumed the name of the mother province.
4Became the only sub-province left comprising Agusan in 1914, and therefore assumed the name of the mother province.
5Delimited to the downtown area of present-day
Isabela City in 1973; dissolved in 1975.
6Legazpi City from 1948 to 1954 consisted of the present-day territories of
Legazpi City and
Daraga; this city was dissolved in 1954 into its two former constituent municipalities. Legazpi became a city on its own in 1959.