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Kalem
Cover page of Kalem, issue 23 dated 4 February 1909
EditorLucien Sciuto
Categories
  • Satirical magazine
  • Political magazine
FrequencyWeekly
Founder
Founded1908
First issueSeptember 1908
Final issueJune 1911
Country Ottoman Empire
Based in Istanbul
Language
  • Ottoman Turkish
  • French

Kalem ( Ottoman Turkish: Pen) was a bilingual weekly political satire magazine which was in circulation in the period 1908–1911 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. [1] The magazine was one of the satirical publications which were started immediately after the end of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid's strict rule. [2] It was published in Turkish and French languages and was one of the most notable satirical magazines in the Empire in terms of the quality cartoons. [3] In addition, it is the first Ottoman publication which employed the word cartoon and attempted to develop a definition for it. [4]

History and profile

Kalem was established in Istanbul in 1908 as a bilingual satirical magazine covering both Turkish and French materials, [5] [6] and its first issue appeared in September that year. [7] Its founders were Salah Cimcoz and Celal Esat Arseven. [8] Lucien Sciuto, a Salonican Jewish journalist, was the editor [9] of the magazine which employed large number of cartoonists who produced rich cartoon styles. [2] [5] The magazine introduced the concept of modern cartoons in terms of lines and captions used. [4] Because before Kalem cartoon was considered to be just painting by the journalists in the Ottoman Empire. [4]

One of the major contributors was Cemil Cem who started his journalistic career in Kalem [7] [10] which targeted educated Ottomans. [2] Another contributor was Refik Halit Karay. [7] There were also international contributors of Kalem one of whom was Henri Yan, a French journalist. [11] In October 1908 the magazine reported its circulation as 13,000 copies. [5] In the same date Kalem published a caricature of German Emperor Wilhelm II who was featured as a two-faced man deceiving the Ottoman Empire. [12] Due to this caricature the issue of the magazine was confiscated and the owner, Salah Cimcoz, was arrested for a short time upon the request of the German embassy in Istanbul. [12] Kalem folded in June 1911. [5] [7]

In 2019 the University of Texas at Austin organized an exhibition on Kalem magazine and the political cartoons published in the magazine. [13] The print editions of the magazine are archived at the University. [13]

References

  1. ^ "Catalogue record". Qalem. Hathi Trust: 130 v. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Aslı Tunç (2002). "Pushing the Limits of Tolerance: Functions of Political Cartoonists in the Democratization Process: The Case of Turkey". International Communication Gazette. 64 (1): 53. doi: 10.1177/17480485020640010301. S2CID  145098046.
  3. ^ Efrat E. Aviv (2013). "Cartoons in Turkey – From Abdülhamid to Erdoğan". Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (2): 224. doi: 10.1080/00263206.2012.759101. S2CID  146388882.
  4. ^ a b c Gamze Bora Yılmaz (2011). To reintroduce the missing sound: Nationalism in Turkish political cartoons (MA thesis). Istanbul Bilgi University. p. 47. CiteSeerX  10.1.1.1001.9537.
  5. ^ a b c d Palmira Brummett (November 1995). "Dogs, Women, Cholera, and Other Menaces in the Streets: Cartoon Satire in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–11". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 27 (4): 437. doi: 10.1017/S0020743800062498. S2CID  161221142.
  6. ^ M. Halil Sağlam (2022). "Türk Basın Tarihinde Kaynaklar Dergisi". Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi (in Turkish) (13): 220. doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1100133.
  7. ^ a b c d Syed Tanvir Wasti (2019). "Refik Halid Karay and his memoirs of exile". Middle Eastern Studies. 55 (3): 451, 460. doi: 10.1080/00263206.2018.1520102. S2CID  149756420.
  8. ^ Figen Taşkın (2004). "Book review". Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları (6): 162.
  9. ^ Juliette Rosenthal (2019). From Constantinople to Cairo: A Zionist Newspaper Across National Boundaries (Undergraduate thesis). Skidmore College. p. 28.
  10. ^ "Drawing Ire: Illustrated Ottoman Satirical Magazines". British Library. 3 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  11. ^ Gary Leiser (Summer 2005). "The Dawn of Aviation in the Middle East: The First Flying Machines over Istanbul". Air Power History. 52 (2): 39. JSTOR  26274636.
  12. ^ a b Erol Baykal (2013). The Ottoman Press, 1908-1923 (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. p. 50. doi: 10.17863/CAM.15925.
  13. ^ a b Dale Correa (2019). "Satire After the Young Turk Revolution: Cartoons from Kalem Magazine, 1908". University of Texas at Austin Libraries. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

External links

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