Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian social reformer who campaigned against
child labor in India and advocated the universal right to
education.
Kailash Satyarthi and his team at Bachpan Bachao Andolan have liberated more than 86,000[4] children in India from
child labour, slavery and
trafficking. In 1998, Satyarthi conceived and led the Global March against Child Labour,[5] an 80,000 km (ca. 49,710 mi)-long march across 103 countries to put forth a global demand against worst forms of child labour. This became one of the largest social movements ever on behalf of exploited children. The demands of the marchers, which included children and youth (particularly the survivors of trafficking for forced labor, exploitation, sexual abuse, illegal organ transplants, armed conflict, etc.) were reflected in the draft of the
ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The following year, the Convention was unanimously adopted at the ILO Conference in Geneva.
He has served on the board and committee of several international organizations including the
Center for Victims of Torture (USA), the
International Labor Rights Fund (USA), and the Cocoa Initiative. Satyarthi was among
Fortune magazine's "World's Greatest Leaders" in 2015[6] and featured in
LinkedIn's Power Profiles List in 2017 and 2018.[7] Satyarthi led a nationwide march, Bharat Yatra,[8] in India covering 19,000 km (12,000 mi) in 35 days, to demand for legislation against child rape and
child sexual abuse.
Early life
Satyarthi was born as Kailash Sharma[9] in
Vidisha, a small town in the
Madhya Pradesh State Of India. He dropped his last name
Sharma (implying that he is a
Brahmin) and took Satyarti (meaning one who longs for truth) after his marriage, due to the influence of the reformist Arya Samaj movement.[10] Kailash Satyarthi belongs to a middle-class family. He is the youngest among four brothers and a sister in his family. His father Ramprasad Sharma was a retired police head constable and his mother Chironjibai was an uneducated housewife with high morals. As per Satyarthi, the exceptionally idealistic and helpful nature of his mother had a big impact on him. He was raised in a locality (mohalla) where Hindus and Muslims lived with each other. As a four-year-old toddler, he learnt to read Urdu from the Maulvi at the neighboring mosque and learnt Hindi and English in his school.[11]
Satyarthi was significantly affected by the lack of school access for all children and his experiences with poverty in his youth.[12] He made efforts when
young to try to change these inequalities[13][14] due to the circumstances of their birth.
Satyarthi completed his education in Vidisha. He attended Government Boys Higher Secondary School in Vidisha, and completed an undergraduate degree in
electrical engineering[15] at
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute in Vidisha then affiliated to the University of Bhopal, (now
Barkatullah University)[1][16][2] and a post-graduate degree in high-voltage engineering. Satyarthi joined his college as a lecturer for a few years.[17]
In 1998, Satyarthi conceived and led the Global March against Child[5] Labour traveling across 103 countries covering 80,000 km to demand an International Law on Worst Forms of Child Labour. The march eventually led to the adoption of ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labor.
He established
GoodWeave International (formerly known as Rugmark) as the first voluntary labelling, monitoring and certification system of rugs manufactured without the use of child-labour in South Asia.[25][26][27] In the late 1980s and early 1990s he focused its campaigns on
raising consumer awareness on issues relating to the
accountability of global corporations regarding socially responsible
consumerism, trade and supply chains.[28] Satyarthi has highlighted child labour as a human rights issue as well as a welfare matter and charitable cause. He has argued that it perpetuates
poverty,
unemployment,
illiteracy, population growth, and other social problems,[29] his claims have been supported by several studies.[30][31] He has had a role in linking the movement against
child labour with efforts for achieving "Education for All".[32] Satyarthi has been a member of a
UNESCO body and has been on the board of the Fast Track Initiative (now known as the
Global Partnership for Education).[33] Satyarthi had served on the board and committee of several international organisations including the
Center for Victims of Torture (USA), the
International Labor Rights Fund (USA), and the International Cocoa Foundation. He brought child labour and slavery into the post-2015 development agenda for the United Nation's
Sustainable Development Goals.[34]
Satyarthi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 "for the struggle against the suppression of children and young people and the right of all children to education".[35] Satyarthi is the first natural-born Indian Nobel Peace Laureate.
Bachpan Bachao Andolan was founded by Satyarthi in 1980[37] as a mass movement to create a child-friendly society where all children are free from exclusion and exploitation and receive free education. The movement identifies, liberates, rehabilitates, and educates in servitude through direct intervention, community participation, partnerships, and coalitions, promoting ethics in trade, unionizing workers, running campaigns on issues such as education, trafficking, forced brilliant labor, ethical trade, and by building child-friendly villages.[38]
Satyarthi established
GoodWeave International (formerly Rugmark), a network of
a non-profit organizations dedicated to ending illegal
child labor in the
rug making industry which provided the first voluntary labeling, monitoring, and certification system of rugs manufactured without the use of child labor in South Asia. This organization operated a campaign in Europe and the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the intent of
raising consumer awareness of the issues relating to the
accountability of global corporations regarding socially responsible consumerism and trade. Rugmark International re-branded the certification program and introduced the GoodWeave label in 2009. The organization was re-branded to GoodWeave International.
The Kailash Satyarthi Children's Foundation (KSCF) was established in 2004 by Satyarthi. It is a grassroots organization that spreads awareness and advocates for beneficial policies for children's rights. The foundation is the global umbrella for KSCF India and KSCF, USA.[39]
Satyarthi formed the
Global Campaign for Education and became its president at its inception in 1999. Global Campaign for Education is an international coalition of
non-governmental organizations, working to promote children's and adult education through research and advocacy. It was formed in 1999 as a partnership between NGOs that were separately active in the area, including
Action Aid,
Oxfam,
Education International, [Global March Against Child Labour and national organizations in Bangladesh, Brazil and South Africa.[40]
The 100 Million Campaign was established in 2016 by 6,000 young people standing side by side with Satyarthi. It is a youth-led campaign organizing for a world "where all young people are free, safe and educated." The campaign has partnerships with the Global Students Forum (GSF), the All-Africa Students' Union (AASU),
European Students' Union (ESU), the
Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions (OBESSU), the Commonwealth Students' Association (CSA),
Education International, and the
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). The campaign operates in 35 countries on five continents.[41][42]
Bharat Yatra
The Bharat Yatra was launched by KSCF to spread awareness about child trafficking and sexual abuse. The campaign launched in
Kanyakumari on 11 September 2017, and marched through seven routes covering 22
Indian states and
Union Territories, and over 12,000 km. The campaign was aimed at starting a social dialogue about
child sexual abuse and
child trafficking, taboo issues in India, to protect children vulnerable within their homes, communities, and schools. The campaign collaborated with 5,000 civil society organizations, 60 Indian faith leaders, 500 Indian political leaders, 600 local, state, and national bodies of the Indian government, 300 members of the Indian judiciary, and 25,000 educational institutions across India.
More than 1,200,000 marched for 35 days which led to the Criminal Law Amendment Act 2018 with a strict deterrent against child rape. The Yatra resulted in the Anti-Human Trafficking Bill being passed by the 16th Lok Sabha.[43]
Personal life
Satyarthi lives in
New Delhi, India. His family includes his wife, a son, daughter-in-law, a grandson, daughter and a son-in-law.[44][45]
Satyarthi's
Nobel Prize medal was stolen from his New Delhi residence in February 2017 and subsequently recovered.[46][47]
Awards and honours
Satyarthi has been the subject of documentaries, television series, talk shows, advocacy and awareness films.[48]
In September 2017,
India Times listed Satyarthi as one of the 11 Human Rights Activists Whose Life Mission Is To Provide Others with a Dignified Life[49] Satyarthi has been awarded the following honours:
^
abKidwai, Rasheed (10 October 2014).
"A street rings with 'Nobel' cry". The Telegraph (Calcutta). Calcutta. Archived from
the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014. arr Quila area of the town. […] locals were seen drawing affiliation to institutions linked to Satyarhti including his schools – Toppura Primary School, Petit semenaire Higher Secondary School and Samrat Ashok Technological Institute (SATI) from where Satyarthi graduated in Engineering and later taught there for two years before embarking his journey to serve humanity.
^
abKapoor, Sapan (11 October 2014).
"Gandhiji would have been proud of you, Kailash Satyarthi". The Express Tribune Blogs. Karachi. Retrieved 14 October 2014. Mr Kailash Satyarthi has come a long way since his engineering days at Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, literally. My father, who was one year senior to this electrical engineering student, vividly remembers him […] who would come to the college in his staple kurta-payjama with a muffler tied around his neck.
^Trivedi, Vivek (11 October 2014).
"Kailash Satyarthi's hometown Vidisha celebrates Nobel win". News18.com.
Noida, Uttar Pradesh:
Network18. Retrieved 14 October 2014. He was born and brought up in
Chhoti Haweli in Andar Quila area of the town. […] locals were seen drawing affiliation to institutions linked to Satyarhti including his schools – Toppura Primary School, Pedi school and Government Boys Higher Secondary School and Samrath Ashok Technological Institute (SATI) from where Satyarthi graduated in Electrical Engineering and later taught there for two years before embarking his journey to serve humanity.