Junta ( /ˈhʊntə/ ⓘ or /ˈdʒʌntə/) is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian (giunta) term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a " military junta", the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a military. The literal meaning of the word derives from juntar (to join); [1] a group of people with a common purpose.
In Italy, a giunta is the civil executive of regions (see Regions of Italy#Institutions) and of municipalities ( comune, see Comune#Importance and function). In Spain, the term refers to various historical and current governing institutions of a particular territory or occasion.
In English the now-obsolete term "junto", derived from the Spanish "junta", was used without authoritarian connotation, first attested from 1641; the Whig Junto was a political faction in early 18th-century Britain. [2]
The term is not related to the Sanskrit word Janatā (also transliterated as Jantā and Juntā), which refers to the public/people/masses.[ citation needed]
Historical examples
- Junta (Habsburg)
- Specific to Spain:
- Name of some of the institutions of government of the autonomous communities of Spain ( Regional Government of Andalusia and Junta of Castile and León) or the parliament of the Principality of Asturias ( General Junta of the Principality of Asturias)
- Junta (Peninsular War), 1808–1810
- Junta acting as jury in Valladolid debate, 1550s
- Argentina:
- Primera Junta, 1810
- Junta Grande, 1810s
- National Reorganization Process, 1970's [3]
- Chile in the 1810s:
- Portugal:
- National Salvation Junta, ruled 1974−1975, after the Carnation Revolution
- Junta de freguesia, the executive body of a freguesia (civil parish)
- Other organisations:
- Junta de Investigación de Accidentes de Aviación Civil, the Argentinian civil aviation accident investigation agency
- Revolutionary Government Junta, three consecutive Salvadoran joint civilian-military dictatorships
- Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviación Civil, the former Venezuelan civil aviation accident investigation agency
- Junta de Aviación Civil, the Dominican Republic civil aviation authority
- Junta de Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Económico de la Vertiente Atlántica de Costa Rica, the Costa Rican Board of Port Administration and Economic Development of the Atlantic Coast
- Junta (trade unionism), a group of leading British trade unionists in the 1860s
See also
References
- ^ "junta". Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish) (Tricentenario ed.).
- ^ "junto". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Hoeffel, Paul (March 25, 2016). "Junta takes over in Argentina: archive, 25 March 1976". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
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