From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stream of fluid projected into the surrounding medium
Jets from a
pump-jet on a ferry.
A relativistic jet emitted from galaxy
M87 , as seen by the
Hubble Space Telescope .
A jet is a stream of
fluid that is projected into a surrounding medium, usually from some kind of a
nozzle ,
aperture or
orifice .
[1] Jets can travel long distances[
quantify ] without
dissipating .
Jet fluid has higher
momentum compared to the surrounding fluid medium. In the case that the surrounding medium is assumed to be made up of the same fluid as the jet, and this fluid has a
viscosity , the surrounding fluid is carried along with the jet in a process called
entrainment .
[2]
Some animals, notably
cephalopods , move by
jet propulsion , as do
rocket engines and
jet engines .
Applications
Liquid jets are used in many different areas. In everyday life, you can find them for instance coming from the
water tap , the
showerhead , and from
spray cans . In agriculture, they play a role in
irrigation and in the application of
crop protection products . In the field of medicine, you can find liquid jets for example in
injection procedures or
inhalers . Industry uses liquid jets for
waterjet cutting , for
coating materials or in
cooling towers . Atomized liquid jets are essential for the efficiency of
internal combustion engines . But they also play a crucial role in research, for example in the study of
proteins ,
[3]
phase transitions ,
[4]
extreme states of matter ,
[5]
laser plasmas ,
[6]
High harmonic generation ,
[7] and also in
particle physics experiments.
[8] Also some animals, notably
cephalopods , move by
jet propulsion . Gas jets are found in
rocket engines and
jet engines .
Microscopic liquid jets have been studied for their potential application in noninvasive transdermal
drug delivery .
[9]
See also
References
^
"Definition of JET" . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 2022-01-13 .
^ Swain, Prakash Chandra (2016).
"Fluid Dynamics Lecture Notes" (PDF) . www.vssut.ac.in . Retrieved 26 July 2021 .
^ Frauke Bierau; et al. (2010), "Catching Proteins in Liquid Helium Droplets", Physical Review Letters , vol. 105, no. 13, p. 133402,
arXiv :
1008.3816 ,
Bibcode :
2010PhRvL.105m3402B ,
doi :
10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.133402 ,
PMID
21230773 ,
S2CID
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^ Matthias Kühnel; et al. (2011), "Time-Resolved Study of Crystallization in Deeply Cooled Liquid Parahydrogen", Physical Review Letters , vol. 106, no. 24, p. 245301,
Bibcode :
2011PhRvL.106x5301K ,
doi :
10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301 ,
hdl :
10261/36971 ,
PMID
21770578
^ Neumayer, P; et al. (2012), "Evidence for ultra-fast heating in intense-laser irradiated reduced-mass targets", Physics of Plasmas , vol. 19, no. 12, p. 122708,
Bibcode :
2012PhPl...19l2708N ,
doi :
10.1063/1.4772773
^ R. A. Costa Fraga; et al. (2012), "Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation", Review of Scientific Instruments , vol. 83, no. 2, p. 025102,
arXiv :
1109.0398 ,
Bibcode :
2012RScI...83b5102F ,
doi :
10.1063/1.3681940 ,
PMID
22380120 ,
S2CID
22165191
^ T.T. Luu; Z. Yin; et al. (2018), "Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids", Nature Communication , vol. 19, no. 1, p. 3723,
doi :
10.1038/s41467-018-06040-4 ,
PMC
6137105 ,
PMID
30213950 {{
citation }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Gianluigi Boca (2014), "The PANDA experiment: physics goals and experimental setup", EPJ Web of Conferences , vol. 72, p. 00002,
Bibcode :
2014EPJWC..7200002B ,
doi :
10.1051/epjconf/20147200002
^ Postema M, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, de Jong N (2005).
"High-speed photography during ultrasound illustrates potential therapeutic applications of microbubbles" . Medical Physics . 32 (12): 3707–3711.
Bibcode :
2005MedPh..32.3707P .
doi :
10.1118/1.2133718 .
PMID
16475770 .
S2CID
46536082 .
Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen, "Fluid mechanics, Volume 10", Elsevier, Burlington, MA, USA (2008),
ISBN
978-0-12-373735-9
Falkovich, G. (2011). Fluid Mechanics, a short course for physicists . Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-1-107-00575-4 .