Subgenus of gastropods
Jaspidiconus
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Apertural and abapertural views of
shell of Conus jaspideus pfluegeri Petuch, 2004
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Scientific classification
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Kingdom:
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Phylum:
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Class:
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(unranked):
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Superfamily:
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Family:
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Genus:
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Subgenus:
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Jaspidiconus
Petuch, 2003
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Type species
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Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
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Synonyms
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Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Emerson & Old, 1962 represented as Conasprella Thiele, 1929
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Jaspidiconus is a
subgenus of
sea snails,
marine
gastropod
mollusks in the
genus Conasprella,
family
Conidae, the
cone snails and their allies.
[1]
In the new classification of the family Conidae by Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015), Jaspidiconus has become a subgenus of Conasprella: Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 represented as
Conasprella Thiele, 1929
[2]
Distinguishing characteristics
The
Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy distinguishes Jaspidiconus from Conus in the following ways:
[3]
- Shell characters (living and fossil species)
- The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth
periostracum and a small
operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the
protoconch is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars.
- Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)
- The
radula has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur.
- Geographical distribution
- These species are found in the
Indo-Pacific region.
- Feeding habits
- These species eat other
gastropods including
cones.
[3]
- Subgenus Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2003
- Shell characters (living and fossil species)
- The shell is turbinate in shape. The
protoconch is paucispiral with 1.5 whorls. The anal notch is deep, and the anterior notch is absent. The early whorls are not nodulose but may be ornamented by an undulating carina. Later whorls may be ornamented with nodules. Cords are absent on the whorls. The
periostracum is smooth, and the operculum is small.
- Radular tooth (not known for fossil species)
- The anterior sections of the
radular tooth is shorter than the posterior section, and the blade is short. A posterior fold is present, and the posterior blade is absent. A basal spur is present, and the barb is short. A shaft fold is present and is blunt at its anterior end.
- Geographical distribution
- These species are found in the
West Atlantic region.
- Feeding habits
- These species are
vermivorous, meaning that they prey on
polychaete worms.
[3]
Species
This list of species is based on the information in the
World Register of Marine Species (
WoRMS) list. Species within the subgenus Jaspidiconus include:
[1]
- Jaspidiconus acutimarginatus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1866): synonym of Jaspidiconus jaspideus f. acutimarginatus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1866): synonym of
Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
- Jaspidiconus alexandremonteiroi Cossignani, 2014: synonym of
Conasprella alexandremonteiroi (Cossignani, 2014) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus allamandi Petuch, 2013: synonym of
Conasprella allamandi (Petuch, 2013) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus anaglypticus (Crosse, 1865): synonym of
Conus anaglypticus Crosse, 1865
- Jaspidiconus arawak Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus arawak (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus berschaueri Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus berschaueri (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus branhamae (Clench, 1953): synonym of
Conus branhamae Clench, 1953
- Jaspidiconus damasoi (Cossignani, 2007): synonym of
Conus damasoi Cossignani, 2007
- Jaspidiconus damasomonteiroi Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus damasomonteiroi (Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus ericmonnieri Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus ericmonnieri (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus exumaensis Petuch, 2013: synonym of
Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
- Jaspidiconus fluviamaris Petuch & Sargent, 2011: synonym of
Conus fluviamaris (Petuch & Sargent, 2011) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus henckesi (Coltro, 2004): synonym of
Conus henckesi Coltro, 2004
- Jaspidiconus herndli Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus herndli (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus iansa (Petuch, 1979): synonym of
Conasprella iansa Petuch, 1979
- Jaspidiconus jaspideus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of
Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
- Jaspidiconus mackintoshi Petuch, 2013: synonym of
Conus mindanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- Jaspidiconus marinae Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus marinae (Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus mindanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of
Conus mindanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- Jaspidiconus ogum Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus ogum (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus oleiniki Petuch, 2013: synonym of
Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791
- Jaspidiconus pealii (Green, 1840): synonym of Jaspidiconus jaspideus pealii (Green, 1830) represented as
Conus jaspideus pealii Green, 1830
- Jaspidiconus pfluegeri Petuch, 2003: synonym of Jaspidiconus jaspideus pfluegeri Petuch, 2003 represented as
Conus jaspideus pfluegeri Petuch, 2003
- Jaspidiconus pomponeti Petuch & Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus pomponeti (Petuch & Myers, 2014) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus poremskii Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus poremskii (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus pusio (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792): synonym of
Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- Jaspidiconus rachelae (Petuch, 1988): synonym of
Conus rachelae Petuch, 1988
- Jaspidiconus roatanensis Petuch & Sargent, 2011: synonym of
Conus roatanensis (Petuch & Sargent, 2011) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus sargenti Petuch, 2013: synonym of
Conus sargenti (Petuch, 2013) (alternate representation)
- Jaspidiconus simonei Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014: synonym of
Conus simonei (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) (alternate representation, original combination)
- Jaspidiconus stearnsii (Conrad, 1869): synonym of
Conus stearnsii Conrad, 1869
- Jaspidiconus vanhyningi (Rehder, 1944): synonym of
Conus vanhyningi Rehder, 1944 (alternate representation)
Significance of "alternative representation"
Prior to 2009, all
cone species were placed within the family
Conidae and were placed in one genus,
Conus. In 2009 however, J.K. Tucker and M.J. Tenorio proposed a classification system for the over 600 recognized
species that were in the family. Their classification proposed 3 distinct families and 82 genera for the living species of
cone snails, including the family
Conilithidae. This classification was based upon
shell
morphology,
radular differences,
anatomy,
physiology,
cladistics, with comparisons to molecular (DNA) studies.
[3] Published accounts of genera within the
Conidae (or
Conilithidae) that include the genus Jaspidiconus include J.K. Tucker & M.J. Tenorio (2009), and Bouchet et al. (2011).
[4]
[5]
Testing in order to try to understand the
molecular phylogeny of the
Conidae was initially begun by Christopher Meyer and Alan Kohn,
[6] and is continuing, particularly with the advent of nuclear DNA testing in addition to mDNA testing.
However, in 2011, some experts still prefer to use the traditional classification, where all species are placed in
Conus within the single family
Conidae: for example, according to the current November 2011 version of the
World Register of Marine Species, all species within the family Conidae are in the genus
Conus. The binomial names of species in the 82 cone snail genera listed in Tucker & Tenorio 2009 are recognized by the
World Register of Marine Species as "alternative representations."
[7] Debate within the scientific community regarding this issue continues, and additional
molecular phylogeny studies are being carried out in an attempt to clarify the issue.
[3]
[5]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
All this has been superseded in 2015 by the new classification of the Conidae
[2]
References
- ^
a
b Bouchet, P. (2015). Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2003. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=456435 on 2015-03-18
- ^
a
b
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
- ^
a
b
c
d
e Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp.
-
^ Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308.
- ^
a
b Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (2011) New species of Conidae and Conilithidae (Gastropoda) from the tropical Americas and Philippines. With notes on some poorly-known Floridian species. Visaya 3(3): 37-58. [August 2011]
-
^ Interview of Professor Alan Kohn, Professor Emeritus, Zoology
"SEASHELL COLLECTOR | Interview of Pr Alan Kohn, Professor Emeritus, Zoology". Archived from
the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
-
^
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14107 Classification: Traditionally, all cone shells have been included in the Linnaean genus Conus. Tucker & Tenorio (2009) have recently proposed an alternative shell- and radula-based classification that recognizes 4 families and 80 genera of cones. In WoRMS, we currently still recognize a single family Conidae (following Puillandre et al. 2011), but Tucker & Tenorio's 80 genera classification is presented as "alternative representation". [P. Bouchet, 14 Aug. 2011]
-
^ C.M.L. Afonso & M.J. Tenorio (August 2011), A new, distinct endemic Africonus species (Gastropoda, Conidae) from Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde Archipelago, West Africa, Gloria Maris 50(5): 124-135
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^ P. Bouchet, Yu I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, and N. Puillandre (March 2011), A New Operational Classification of the Conoidea, Journal of Molluscan Studies 77:273-308, at p. 275.
-
^ N. Puillandre, E. Strong, P. Bouchet, M. Boisselier, V. Couloux, & S. Samadi (2009), Identifying gastropod spawn from DNA barcodes: possible but not yet practicable, Molecular Ecology Resources 9:1311-1321.
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^ P.K. Bandyopadhyay, B.J. Stevenson, J.P. Ownby, M.T. Cady, M. Watkins, & B. Olivera (2008), The mitochondrial genome of Conus textile, coxI-conII intergenic sequences and conoidean evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 215-223.
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^ S.T. Williams & T.F. Duda, Jr. (2008), Did tectonic activity stimulate Oligo-Miocene speciation in the Indo-West Pacific? Evolution 62:1618-1634.
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^ R.L. Cunha, R. Castilho, L. Ruber, & R. Zardoya (2005), Patterns of cladogenesis in the venomous marine gastropod genus Conus from the Cape Verde Islands Systematic Biology 54(4):634-650.
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^ T.F. Duda, Jr. & A.J. Kohn (2005), Species-level phylogeography and evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse marine gastropod genus Conus, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34:257-272.
-
^ T.F. Duda, Jr. & E. Rolan (2005), Explosive radiation of Cape Verde Conus, a marine species flock, Molecular Ecology 14:267-272.
-
^ B. Vallejo, Jr. (2005), Inferring the mode of speciation in the Indo-West Pacific Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae), Journal of Biogeography 32:1429-1439.
-
^ Tucker, J. K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2010) A second species of Pseudoconorbis (Gastropoda: Conoidea) from India.
Miscellanea Malacologica 4(3):31-34.
-
^ Tucker, J. K., Tenorio, M. J. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2011) The genus Benthofascis (Gastropoda: Conoidea): a revision with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa 2796:1-14.
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^ Puillandre N., Meyer C.P., Bouchet P., and Olivera B.M. (2011), Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deep-water Conus orbignyi complex (Mollusca: Conoidea), Zoologica Scripta 40(4) 350-363.
-
^ Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2011) New species of Gradiconus and Kohniconus from the western Atlantic (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Conidae, Conilithidae). Miscellanea Malacologica 5(1):1-16.
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^ Petuch & Drolshage (2011) Compendium of Florida Fossil Shells, Volume 1 MDM Publications, Wellington, FL., 432 pp.
Further reading
- Kohn A. A. (1992). Chronological Taxonomy of Conus, 1758-1840". Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
- Monteiro A. (ed.) (2007).
The Cone Collector 1: 1-28.
- Berschauer D. (2010). Technology and the Fall of the Mono-Generic Family
The Cone Collector 15: pp. 51-54
- Puillandre N., Meyer C.P., Bouchet P., and Olivera B.M. (2011), Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deep-water Conus orbignyi complex (Mollusca: Conoidea), Zoologica Scripta 40(4) 350-363.
External links