Manufacturer | Hughes Aircraft / Boeing |
---|---|
Country of origin | United States |
Size | |
Height | 58 m (190 ft) |
Diameter | 8.38 m (27.5 ft) |
Mass | 1,154,000 kg (2,544,000 lb) |
Stages | 3 |
Capacity | |
Payload to LEO | |
Mass | 38,000 kg (84,000 lb) |
Payload to GTO | |
Mass | 13,000 kg (29,000 lb) |
Launch history | |
Status | None built |
Total launches | 0 |
First stage | |
Powered by | 2x F-1 |
Maximum thrust | 15,481.26 kN (3,480,330 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 304 seconds (vacuum) |
Burn time | 170 seconds |
Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
Second stage | |
Powered by | 1x J-2 |
Maximum thrust | 1,031.98 kN (232,000 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 425 seconds (vacuum) |
Burn time | 525 seconds |
Propellant | LH2 / LOX |
Third stage | |
Powered by | 8x R-4D |
Maximum thrust | 3.92 kN (880 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 312 seconds |
Propellant | MMH / N2O4 |
Jarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS requirements, and the Jarvis rocket was never built.
Jointly proposed by Hughes and Boeing as a heavy-lift rocket, using propulsion systems and equipment built for the Saturn V rocket and placed in storage at the end of the Apollo program, [1] as well as Space Shuttle components, [2] Jarvis was intended to be capable of launching multiple GPS satellites, [3] major components of the planned Space Station Freedom and commercial satellites. [1] The rocket was named after Hughes employee and NASA mission specialist Gregory Jarvis, who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in January 1986. [1]
Submitted as part of the Advanced Launch System studies jointly conducted by the United States Air Force and NASA for a new heavy-lift rocket system capable of substituting for the Space Shuttle and expanding upon its capabilities, [4] Jarvis was planned as a three-stage rocket capable of launching a payload of up to 83,000 pounds (38,000 kg) to low Earth orbit, or 28,000 pounds (13,000 kg) to geosynchronous orbit; the rocket was projected to cost under $300 million USD per launch; [5] some estimates had a per-launch cost of the Jarvis vehicle at a cost as low as $150 million each, with $1 billion being cited as the projected development cost of the rocket system. [6]
The first stage of the Jarvis vehicle was designed to use two Rocketdyne F-1 engines, powered by RP-1 rocket fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX); these were the same engines used by the Saturn V's first stage. The second stage would use a single Rocketdyne J-2 LOX/ liquid hydrogen (LH2) engine, while the third stage was intended to utilise eight Marquardt R-4D reaction control system thrusters, fueled by a hypergolic mix of nitrogen tetroxide and monomethylhydrazine (N2O4/MMH), to provide final boost, and to allow for the deployment of multiple payloads into different orbits. [5] [7] Jarvis was designed to be capable of carrying payloads of up to 26 feet (7.9 m) in diameter; as many as six satellites could be carried on a single rocket, [8] and it was suggested that the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation be deployed in this manner. [9]
While the Hughes proposal for the "Jarvis" would have been powered by a pair of Saturn V F-1 engines, when Boeing joined the proposal they quickly shifted the proposal toward a Shuttle-derived in-line design consisting of an External Tank powered by a single aft-mounted Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) augmented by a pair of Solid Rocket Boosters. This Revised Jarvis would be able to lift 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg) to LEO. [3]
Although Hughes received an Air Force contract to study the Jarvis vehicle, [7] the Jarvis failed to meet the Air Force's requirements for the ALS, being too large in size compared to the specification. [10] In 1986, Hughes stated that the rocket could be operational by the 1990s, [7] with launches beginning two years after project go-ahead; [11] however the U.S. Air Force rejected the Hughes-Boeing proposal. [12] Consideration was given to continuing the Jarvis project as a private venture, [12] and the Jarvis was mentioned as meeting the requirements for a launch vehicle to be used in the establishment of a lunar base in a 1992 conference on the subject, [13] however nothing further came of the proposal, while the entire Advanced Launch System development effort was scaled back into the National Launch System before being cancelled in 1992. [14]
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