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An isoscape is a geologic map of isotope distribution. It is a spatially explicit prediction of elemental isotope ratios (δ) that is produced by executing process-level models of elemental isotope fractionation or distribution in a geographic information system (GIS).

The word isoscape is derived from isotope landscape and was first coined by Jason B. West. [1] [2] [3]

Isoscapes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, strontium and sulfur [4] have been used to answer scientific or forensic questions regarding the sources, partitioning, or provenance of natural and synthetic materials or organisms via their isotopic signatures. These include questions about migration, Earth's element cycles, human water use, climate, archaeological reconstructions, forensic science, and pollution. Isoscapes of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation, [5] [6] surface water, [7] groundwater, [8] [9] and tap water [10] have been developed to better understand the water cycle at regional to global scales.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "First appearance of "isoscapes" at a scientific meeting".
  2. ^ "Peer-reviewed article that discusses isoscapes".
  3. ^ "Isoscapes to Address Large-Scale Earth Science Challenges". Eos, transactions, American Geophysical Union. Vol. 90, no. 13. 2009. pp. 109–116. doi: 10.1029/2009EO130001.
  4. ^ Clément Bataille; Klervia Jaouen (2021). "Triple sulfur-oxygen-strontium isotopes probabilistic geographic assignment of archaeological remains using a novel sulfur isoscape of western Europe". PLOS One. 16 (5): e0250383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250383. PMC  8099095. PMID  33951062. Open access.
  5. ^ Dutton, Andrea; Wilkinson, Bruce H.; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Bowen, Gabriel J.; Lohmann, Kyger C. (2005-12-30). "Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in 18 O/ 16 O of modern precipitation and river water across the conterminous USA". Hydrological Processes. 19 (20): 4121–4146. doi: 10.1002/hyp.5876. hdl: 2027.42/49284. S2CID  54706113.
  6. ^ Bowen, Gabriel J.; Wassenaar, Leonard I.; Hobson, Keith A. (April 2005). "Global application of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to wildlife forensics". Oecologia. 143 (3): 337–348. doi: 10.1007/s00442-004-1813-y. ISSN  0029-8549. PMID  15726429. S2CID  1762342.
  7. ^ Kendall, Carol; Coplen, Tyler B. (May 2001). "Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuterium in river waters across the United States". Hydrological Processes. 15 (7): 1363–1393. doi: 10.1002/hyp.217. ISSN  0885-6087. S2CID  27744095.
  8. ^ Stahl, Mason O.; Gehring, Jaclyn; Jameel, Yusuf (2020-07-30). "Isotopic variation in groundwater across the conterminous United States – Insight into hydrologic processes". Hydrological Processes. 34 (16): 3506–3523. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13832. ISSN  0885-6087. S2CID  219743798.
  9. ^ Wassenaar, L. I.; Van Wilgenburg, S. L.; Larson, K.; Hobson, K. A. (2009-09-01). "A groundwater isoscape (δD, δ18O) for Mexico". Journal of Geochemical Exploration. Isoscapes: Isotope mapping and its applications. 102 (3): 123–136. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.01.001. ISSN  0375-6742.
  10. ^ Bowen, Gabriel J.; Ehleringer, James R.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Stange, Erik; Cerling, Thure E. (March 2007). "Stable isotope ratios of tap water in the contiguous United States: STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS OF TAP WATER". Water Resources Research. 43 (3). doi: 10.1029/2006WR005186. S2CID  129888952.


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