From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The skull of
Proterogyrinus , an
embolomere which retains the intertemporal (in maroon).
The Intertemporal bone is a paired
cranial bone present in certain
sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fish) and extinct
amphibian -
grade
tetrapods .
[1]
[2] It lies in the rear part of the skull, behind the eyes.
[3]
Many lineages of four-limbed vertebrates ("tetrapods" in the broad sense) have lost the intertemporal bone. These include
Acanthostega ,
Icththyostega ,
colosteids (except for a vestigial intertemporal in
Greererpeton ),
[4]
diadectomorphs ,
lepospondyls , and
amniotes .
Lissamphibians (i.e. modern amphibians like
frogs ,
salamanders , and
caecilians ) also lack an intertemporal. Most
temnospondyls lack an intertemporal, though several early groups like
edopoids ,
dvinosaurs , and various other basal taxa retain the bone.
[5]
Tetrapod groups which do possess an intertemporal typically have it contact the
parietal bone along its inner edge, the
postfrontal and
postorbital bones along its front and/or outer edge, and the
supratemporal bone along its rear edge. Rarely, the intertemporal may also contact the
squamosal bone at a point between its contact with the postorbital and supratemporal. When the intertemporal bone is lost, either the postfrontal and supratemporal lengthen to contact each other (or the
tabular bone in case the supratemporal is also lost), or the parietal widens to contact the postorbital.
[5]
It has been suggested that the intertemporal is homologous to the
postorbital plate of placoderms and the
dermosphenotic bone of
actinopterygians (ray-finned fish).
[6]
References
^ López-Arbarello, Adriana; Bürgin, Toni; Furrer, Heinz; Stockar, Rudolf (2016-07-19).
"New holostean fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of the Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland)" . PeerJ . 4 . US: e2234.
doi :
10.7717/peerj.2234 .
PMC
4957996 .
PMID
27547543 .
^ Young, Ben; Dunstone, Robert L.; Senden, Timothy J.; Young, Gavin C. (2013-03-06).
"A Gigantic Sarcopterygian (Tetrapodomorph Lobe-Finned Fish) from the Upper Devonian of Gondwana (Eden, New South Wales, Australia)" . PLOS ONE . 8 (3). US: e53871.
Bibcode :
2013PLoSO...853871Y .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0053871 .
PMC
3590215 .
PMID
23483884 .
^ Jollie, Malcolm (1986). "A primer of bone names for the understanding of the actinopterygian head and pectoral girdle skeletons". Canadian Journal of Zoology . 64 (2): 365–379.
doi :
10.1139/z86-058 .
^ John R. Bolt & R. Eric Lombard (2010).
"Deltaherpeton hiemstrae , a New Colosteid Tetrapod from the Mississippian of Iowa" . Journal of Paleontology . 84 (6): 1135–1151.
doi :
10.1666/10-020.1 .
S2CID
83774501 .
^
a
b Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2019-01-04).
"Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix" . PeerJ . 6 : e5565.
doi :
10.7717/peerj.5565 .
ISSN
2167-8359 .
PMC
6322490 .
PMID
30631641 .
^ Zhu, You-an; Li, Qiang; Lu, Jing; Chen, Yang; Wang, Jianhua; Gai, Zhikun; Zhao, Wenjin; Wei, Guangbiao; Yu, Yilun; Ahlberg, Per E.; Zhu, Min (2022).
"The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China" . Nature . 609 (7929): 954–958.
doi :
10.1038/s41586-022-05136-8 .
ISSN
1476-4687 .
Parentheses denote bones that receive a different name in particular clades
Italics denote neomorphic bones present only in particular clades