From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants
Indigenous peoples of South America Approximately 18 million
Peru 5.9 million (2017)
[1]
Bolivia 4.1 million (2012)
[2]
Chile 2.4 million (2017)
[3]
Brazil 1.7 million (2022)
[4]
Colombia 1.9 million (2018)
[5]
Argentina 1.3 million (2022)
[6]
Ecuador 1.3 million (2023)
[7]
Venezuela 724,592 (2011)
[8]
Paraguay 117,150 (2012)
[9]
Guyana 78,492 (2012)
[10]
Uruguay 76,452 (2021)
[11]
Suriname 20,344 (2012)
[12]
French Guiana ~19,000
[13]
Indigenous languages of the Americas , Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, Mapuche
Indigenous people of the Americas
Native rights activist
Félix Díaz meets Argentine President
Mauricio Macri .
Indigenous peoples in Colombia
The
Indigenous peoples of South America or South American Indigenous peoples , are the
pre-Columbian peoples of
South America and their descendants. These peoples contrast with South Americans of European ancestry and those of African descent.
In Spanish, Indigenous people are often referred to as indígenas or pueblos indígenas (lit. Indigenous peoples). They may also be called pueblos nativos or nativos (lit. Native peoples). The term aborigen (lit. aborigine) is used in
Argentina and pueblos aborígenes (lit. aboriginal peoples) is commonly used in
Colombia . The English term "Amerindian" (short for "Indians of the Americas") is often used in
the Guianas .
Latin Americans of
mixed European and Indigenous descent are usually referred to as
mestizos (Spanish) and
mestiços (Portuguese), while those of mixed African and Indigenous ancestry are referred to as
zambos .
It is believed that the first human populations of South America either arrived from
Asia into
North America via the
Bering Land Bridge and migrated southwards or alternatively from
Polynesia across the Pacific.
[14]
[15]
[16] The earliest generally accepted archaeological evidence for human habitation in South America dates to 14,000 years ago, the
Monte Verde site in Southern
Chile .
[17] The descendants of these first inhabitants would become the indigenous populations of South America.
Before the
Spanish colonization of the Americas , many of the indigenous peoples of South America were
hunter-gatherers and indeed many still are, especially in the
Amazonian area . Others, especially the
Andean cultures , practised sophisticated
agriculture , utilized
advanced irrigation and kept
domesticated livestock , such as
llamas and
alpacas .
[18]
[19]
[20]
In the present day, there is one South American country where indigenous peoples constitute the largest ethnic group. This is Bolivia, where 62% of people identify as feeling a part of some indigenous group.
[21]
South American indigenous peoples include:
See also
References
^
"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. p. 214. Retrieved 2021-04-30 .
^
"Características de la Población – Censo 2012" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. p. 103. Retrieved 2021-04-30 .
^
"Síntesis de Resultados Censo 2017" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. p. 16. Retrieved 2021-04-30 .
^
"Censo Demográfico 2022: Identificação étnico-racial da população, por sexo e idade" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 2024-02-01 .
^
"Población Indígena de Colombia" (PDF) (in Spanish). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 2021-05-01 .
^
"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022: Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC). Retrieved 2024-03-07 .
^
"Presentación de Resultados Nacionales" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos.
Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-30 .
^
"Resultados Población Indígena" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2021-05-01 .
^
"Tierra y territorio, fundamentos de vida de los pueblos indígenas, 2012" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos. p. 20. Retrieved 2021-04-30 .
^
"Final 2012 Census Compendium 2" (PDF) . Bureau of Statistics. p. 5. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-02 .
^
"Población por sexo y principal ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento" . Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from
the original (XLS) on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 2021-05-02 .
^
"Demografische en Sociale Karakteristieken en Migratie" (PDF) (in Dutch). Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek. p. 46. Retrieved 2021-05-02 .
^ Aupetit, Mathilde.
"Les populations indigènes de la Guyane française : une mémoire environnementale essentielle à protéger" (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-03 .
^
"Study confirms Bering land bridge flooded later than previously believed" . cyberwest.com . Retrieved 2017-02-22 .
^ Gongora, J.; et al. (Jul 28, 2008).
"Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 105 (30): 10308–10313.
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0801991105 .
ISSN
0027-8424 .
PMC
2492461 .
PMID
18663216 .
^
"Journal of the Polynesian Society: Notes And Queries, P 255-258" . www.jps.auckland.ac.nz . Archived from
the original on 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2017-02-22 .
^ Hey, Jody (2005-05-24).
"On the Number of New World Founders: A Population Genetic Portrait of the Peopling of the Americas" . PLOS Biology . 3 (6): e193.
doi :
10.1371/journal.pbio.0030193 .
ISSN
1545-7885 .
PMC
1131883 .
PMID
15898833 .
^ Earls, John.
"The Character of Inca and Andean Agriculture" (PDF) . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017 .
^
"4.1 Raised beds and waru waru cultivation" . www.oas.org . Retrieved 2017-02-22 .
^ Pinedo, Javier Blossiers.
"AGRICULTURA DE LADERAS A TRAVÉS DE ANDENES, PERÚ" (PDF) . Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2017 . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link )
^
"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency" . www.cia.gov . Retrieved 2017-02-24 .
External links
Pre-history Mythology/Religion North America Mesoamerica
South America
Culture
European colonization Modern groups by country
Related topics