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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
Motto: "
Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'! ("Workers of the world, unite!")Anthem: "
Интернационал "Internatsional ("The Internationale") (1922–1944) "
Государственный гимн СССР "Gosudarstvennyy gimn SSSR ("State Anthem of the USSR") (1944–1991)
[1]
The Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991
Capital Moscow
55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E / 55.750; 37.617 Largest city Capital Official languages Russian
[a]
[2] Recognised regional languages Minority languages
Ethnic groups (1989)
Religion
Secular state
[1]
[2]
State atheism
[b]
Demonym(s)
Soviet
Government
Leader • 1922–1924
Vladimir Lenin • 1924–1953
Joseph Stalin
Georgy Malenkov • 1953–1964
Nikita Khrushchev • 1964–1982
Leonid Brezhnev • 1982–1984
Yuri Andropov • 1984–1985
Konstantin Chernenko • 1985–1991
Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of state • 1922–1946 (first)
Mikhail Kalinin • 1988–1991 (last)
Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of government • 1922–1924 (first)
Vladimir Lenin • 1991 (last)
Ivan Silayev
Legislature
Congress of Soviets (1922–1936)
[d]
Supreme Soviet (1936–1991)
Soviet of Nationalities
Soviet of the Union History 7 November 1917 30 December 1922 16 June 1923 31 January 1924 5 December 1936 22 June 1941 9 May 1945 25 February 1956 9 October 1977 11 March 1990 14 March 1990 19–22 August 1991 8 December 1991 26 December 1991
[3]
• Total
22,402,200 km2 (8,649,500 sq mi) 286,730,819
[14] (
3rd )• Density
12.7/km2 (32.9/sq mi)
GDP (
PPP ) 1990 estimate • Total
$2.7 trillion
[15] (
2nd ) • Per capita
$9,000
GDP (nominal) 1990 estimate • Total
$2.7 trillion
[15] (
2nd ) • Per capita
$9,000 (
28th )
Gini (1989) 0.275low
HDI (1990) 0.920
[16] very high Currency
Soviet ruble (руб) (
SUR ) Time zone (
UTC +2 to +12) Date format dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side right
Calling code +7
ISO 3166 code
SU
Internet TLD
.su
[4]
The
Flag of the Soviet Union
An index of articles related to the former nation known as the
Soviet Union . It covers the
Soviet revolutionary period until the
dissolution of the Soviet Union . This list includes topics, events, persons and other items of national significance within the Soviet Union. It does not include places within the Soviet Union, unless the place is associated with an event of national significance (e.g., Moscow). This index also does not contain items related to Soviet Military History.
0–9
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A
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B
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C
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D
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E
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F
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G
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H
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I
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J
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K
Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Kaganovich, Lazar
Kalinin, Mikhail
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Kazakh famine of 1932–33
Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic
KGB
Khaibakh massacre
Khrushchev, Nikita – Soviet leader from 1953 to 1964 and Ukrainian SSR leader from 1938 to 1949
Khrushchev Thaw
Kirichenko, Alexei
Kirilenko, Andrei
Kirov, Sergei
Kolkhoz
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Komsomol
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korenizatsiya
Kosygin, Alexei – The longest serving Chairman of the Council of Ministers (e.g. Premier)
Kosygin reform – A renowned Soviet economic reform
Kremlin
Kremlin Wall
Kremlin Wall Necropolis
Krestinsky, Nikolay
Krupskaya, Nadezhda
Kulak
Kuznetsov, Vasili
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L
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Lists
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M
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N
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O
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P
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R
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S
Saburov, Maksim
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Scissors Crisis
Second economy of the Soviet Union
Shami-Damulla
Shepilov, Dmitri
Sholokhov, Mikhail
Shvernik, Nikolai
Sino-Soviet split
Socialism
Socialist realism
Sokol space suit
Sovetsky Sport
Soviet (council)
Soviet calendar
Soviet crewed lunar programs
Soviet cuisine
Soviet democracy
Soviet Empire
Soviet of Nationalities
Soviet of the Union
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam
Soviet people
Soviet republic (system of government)
Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)
Soviet space program
Soviet Union
Soviet Union and the United Nations
Soviet Union at the Olympics
Soviet Union national ice hockey team
Soviet Union national rugby union team
Soviet Union women's national rugby union team
Sovietization
Sovnarkhoz – Regional Economic Soviet
Soyuz (spacecraft)
Space Race
Special Council of the NKVD
Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan
Sputnik 1
Sputnik 2
Stakhanov, Alexey
Stakhanovite movement
Stalin's cult of personality
Stalin, Joseph – Soviet leader from 1924 to 1953
Stalin's cult of personality
Stalingrad – now known as
Volgograd (1961–present), formerly known as Tsaritsyn (1589–1925)
Stalinism
Stalin Epigram
Stalinist architecture
Stasova, Elena
State capitalism
State Committee of the Soviet Union
State Emblem of the Soviet Union
State Planning Committee – also known as Gosplan .
State Political Directorate – commonly known as the GPU, an intelligence service and secret police agency, operating from 1922 to 1923.
State quality mark of the USSR
Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Suslov, Mikhail
Sverdlov, Yakov
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T
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U
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V
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W
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Y
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Z
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See also
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Notes
^ De facto before 1990.
^ De facto .
^ March–September.
^ Unicameral
References
^
"ARTICLE 124" .
Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019 .
^
"Article 52" .
Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019 .
^ Jan Plamper, The Stalin Cult: A Study in the Alchemy of Power (2012).
^ Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Polityical Biography (2nd edition, 1961) chapters 7–9
online
^ T. B. Bottomore. A Dictionary of Marxist thought . (Wiley-Blackwell, 1991). p. 54.
^ Rutland, Peter (1993). The Politics of Economic Stagnation in the Soviet Union: The Role of Local Party Organs in Economic Management . Cambridge University Press. p. 9.
ISBN
978-0-521-39241-9 . [...] after 1953. [...] This was still an oppressive regime, but not a totalitarian one.
^ Krupnik, Igor (1995). "4. Soviet Cultural and Ethnic Policies Towards Jews: A Legacy Reassessed". In Ro'i, Yaacov (ed.). Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union . Routledge.
ISBN
978-0-714-64619-0 . The era of 'social engineering' in the Soviet Union ended with the death of Stalin in 1953 or soon after; and that was the close of the totalitarian regime itself.
^
von Beyme, Klaus (2014). On Political Culture, Cultural Policy, Art and Politics . Springer. p. 65.
ISBN
978-3-319-01559-0 . The Soviet Union after the death of Stalin moved from totalitarianism to authoritarian rule.
^ Historical Dictionary of Socialism . James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state".
^
"Ideology, Interests, and Identity" .
Archived 21 July 2013 at the
Wayback Machine . Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state".
^
"The Fine Line between Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents" .
Archived 8 August 2014 at the
Wayback Machine . Jennifer Noe Pahre. p. 336. "[...] the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state [...]". p. 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state".
^
Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?
Archived 8 August 2014 at the
Wayback Machine . Walker Connor. Page 31. "[...] four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)[...]".
^
"Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR' " . Garant.ru. Archived from
the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2010 .
^ Almanaque Mundial 1996 , Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pages 548–552 (Demografía/Biometría table).
^
a
b
"GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System" .
Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018 .
^
"Human Development Report 1990" (PDF) .
HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
United Nations Development Programme . January 1990. p. 111.
Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2020 .