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ISO 639:bvm)
| Munka | |
|---|---|
| Bamunka | |
| Ŋgieməkɔʼkə | |
| Native to | Cameroon |
Native speakers | 31,000 (2008) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
bvm |
| Glottolog |
bamu1256 |
The Bamunka language, Ŋgieməkɔʼkə Bamunka pronunciation: [ˈŋgiěꜜmə́ˌkɔ̀ʔkə̌], [2] is a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
Voiceless | / t/ | / t͡ʃ/ | / k/ | / k͡p/ | / ʔ/ | |
| Voiced | / b/ | / d/ | / d͡ʒ/ | / g/ | |||
| Fricative | Voiceless | / f/ | / s/ | / ʃ/ | |||
| Voiced | / v/ | / ʒ/ | / ɣ/ | ||||
| Nasal | / m/ | / n/ | / ɲ/ | / ŋ/ | |||
| Approximant | / l/ | / j/ | / w/ | ||||
- / b/ and / m/ are bilabial, whereas / f/ and / v/ are labiodental.
- / ɲ/ and / j/ are palatal, whereas / t͡ʃ/, / d͡ʒ/, / ʃ/, and / ʒ/ are post-alveolar.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | / i/ | / ɨ/ | / u/ |
| Mid-close | / e/ | / ə/ | / o/ |
| Mid-open | / ɛ/ | / ɔ/ | |
| Open | / a/ |
Tones
In addition, Munka has five phonemic tones: three level tones (high, mid, and low) and two contour tones (rising, and falling). [3]
Orthography
Ngeloh Takwe proposed this orthography in her post-graduate diploma dissertation in 2002. [3]
| Letters | a | b | c | d | e | ɛ | ə | f | gh | g | h | ɨ | j | k | kp | l | m | n | ny | ŋ | o | ɔ | s | sh | t | u | v | w | y | zh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | / a/ | / b/ | / t͡ʃ/ | / d/ | / e/ | / ɛ/ | / ə/ | / f/ | / ɣ/ | / g/ | / ʔ/ | / ɨ/ | / d͡ʒ/ | / k/ | / k͡p/ | / l/ | / m/ | / n/ | / ɲ/ | / ŋ/ | / o/ | / ɔ/ | / s/ | / ʃ/ | / t/ | / u/ | / v/ | / w/ | / j/ | / ʒ/ |
References
- ^ Munka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Ingle, Jane (2013). The Bamunka Noun Phrase (PDF). Yaoundé: SIL.
- ^ a b c d e Ngeloh Takwe, Jeannette (October 2002). Structural Phonology of Bamunka (post-graduate diploma thesis). Yaoundé: The University of Yaoundé I.
Further reading
- Blackwell, Jonathan (2011). SIL (ed.). Proposed revision of Bamunka orthography revised 24 Feb 2011. Yaoundé.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - Browne, Ciara (2010). "The Noun Phrase in Bamunka: Towards a Complexity Analysis". The ITB Journal. 11 (2). Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. doi: 10.21427/D7VF1T.
- Schaub, Willi (1983). Report on socio-linguistic survey in Ndop Western Grassfields languages (Sociolinguistic survey of Babungo, Bamessing, Babessi, Bamunka). Yaoundé: SIL.
- Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). An introduction to the phonology of Bamunka. Yaoundé: SIL.
- Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). Bamunka Orthography Guide (Provisional). Yaoundé: SIL.
- Sorsamo, Hannu (2006). Observations on the Bamunka phonology and orthography. Yaoundé: SIL.
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