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Humburi Senni
humburi ciini [1]
هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ‎
Native to Burkina Faso, Mali
Region Hombori
Native speakers
(81,000 cited 1999–2021) [2]
Dialects
  • Hombori
  • Maransé
Latin
Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-3 hmb
Glottolog humb1243
Location of Songhay languages [3]

Northwest Songhay:

   Korandje
   Koyra Chiini
   Tadaksahak
   Tasawaq
   Tagdal

Eastern Songhay:

   Tondi Songway Kiini
  Humburi Senni
   Koyraboro Senni
   Zarma language
   Songhoyboro Ciine
   Dendi

Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in the Hombori region, straddling the Burkina– Mali border.

Orthography

Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA".

Humburi Senni Songhay Latin Alphabet (Mali) [4]
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
[ a] [ b] [ t͡ʃ] [ d] [ e] [ f] [ ɡ] [ h] [ i] [ d͡ʒ] [ k] [ l] [ m] [ n]
Ɲ ɲ Ŋ ŋ O o P p R r S s Š š T t U u W w Y y Z z Ž ž
[ ɲ] [ ŋ] [ o] [ p] [ r] [ s] [ ʃ] [ t] [ u] [ w] [ j] [ z] [ ʒ]

Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on UNESCO.BREDA report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in Bamako. [5] [6]

Humburi Senni Arabic alphabet (Mali) [5] [6]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ا‎
‌( - )
[ ∅]/[ ʔ] 		ب‎
(B b)
[ b] 		ت‎
(T t)
[ t] 		ٺ‎
(C c)
[ t͡ʃ] 		ث‎
(S s)
[ s] 		ج‎
(J j)
[ d͡ʒ]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ح‎
(H h)
[ h] 		خ‎
(Kh kh)
[ x] 		ݗ‎
(Ŋ ŋ)
[ ŋ] 		د‎
(D d)
[ d] 		ذ‎
(Z z)
[ z] 		ر‎
(R r)
[ r]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ز‎
(Z z)
[ z] 		ژ‎
(Ž ž)
[ ʒ] 		س‎
(S s)
[ s] 		ش‎
(Š š)
[ ʃ] 		ص‎
(S s)
[ s] 		ض‎
(D d)
[ d]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ط‎
(T t)
[ t] 		ظ‎
(Z z)
[ z] 		ع‎
( - )
[ ʔ] 		غ‎
(G g)
[ ɡ] 		ݝ‎
(G g)
[ ɡ] 		ڢ‎
(F f)
[ f]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ݠ‎
(P p)
[ p] 		ڧ‎
(K k)
[ k] 		ك‎
(K k)
[ k] 		ل‎
(L l)
[ l] 		م‎
(M m)
[ m] 		ن‎
(N n)
[ n]
Arabic
(Latin)
[ IPA] 		ه‎
(H h)
[ h] 		و‎
(W w)
[ w] 		ؤ‎
( - )
[ ʔ] 		ي‎
(W w)
[ j] 		ئ‎
( - )
[ ʔ] 		ࢩ‎
(Ɲ ɲ)
[ ɲ]
Vowel at the beginning of a word
A E I O U
Short Vowels
اَ‎ اٜ‎ اِ‎ اࣷ‎ اُ‎
Long Vowels
Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
آ‎ اٜيـ / اٜي‎ اِيـ / اِي‎ اࣷو‎ اُو‎
Vowel at the middle or end of a word
a e i o u
Short Vowels
◌َ‎ ◌ٜ‎ ◌ِ‎ ◌ࣷ‎ ◌ُ‎
Long Vowels
aa ee ii oo uu
◌َا / ◌َـا‎ ◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ‎
◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي‎ 		◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ‎
◌ِي / ◌ِـي‎ 		◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو‎ ◌ُو / ◌ُـو‎

References

  1. ^ Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link ( Archive)
  2. ^ Humburi Senni at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  3. ^ This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
  4. ^ République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  5. ^ a b Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. [1]
  6. ^ a b Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages (PDF).

External links

  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link ( Archive)
  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali). University of Michigan. Link


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