For the actress, see
Humaima Malick . For the archaeological site in Egypt, see
Hawara . For the Berber tribe, see
El-Hawara . For the Palestinian town in the West Bank, see
Huwara . For the town in northern Jordan, see
Huwwarah .
Humayma (
Arabic : الحميمة ,
romanized : al-Humayma ) also spelled Humeima and Humaima , is the modern name of ancient Hawara .
[1]
[2]
[3] Hawara was a trading post in southern
Jordan that was founded by the Nabataean king
Aretas III in the early first century BC.
[1] It is located 45 km to the south of the Nabataean capital
Petra and 55 km to the north of the
Red Sea port town of
Aqaba .
[4]
History
Humeima was occupied from about 90
BC until the
Early Islamic period ,
[5] and has
Nabataean ,
Roman ,
Byzantine and
Islamic remains, including a
Roman bath and fort, five
Byzantine
churches , and a
qasr or fortified
palace from the
Umayyad Period.
[1]
[3]
Nabataean and Roman periods
Landscape south of Humayma
The settlement was founded by
Aretas III as a stop on the trade route from
Petra to
Gulf of Aqaba .
[6] During the Greco-Roman era, it was called "Auara" (
Greek : Αὔαρα ), derived from "Hawara", which means "white " in
Aramaic .
[7]
Abbasid period
The town was the home of the
Abbasid , or
Banu Abbas family, around
AD 700, who eventually
overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and took over the title of
caliph , and as such it was the birthplace of the first three Abbasid caliphs:
As-Saffah (r. 750–754),
Al-Mansur (r. 754–775) and
Al-Mahdi (r. 775–785). The family residence of the Abbasids was a large qasr
a roughly square plan, approximately 61 by 50 m, with a recessed entrance facing east, and a large central court , arguably one of the so-called
desert castles , of which very little remains today.
[8]
[9]
[10]
Climate
As rainfall is only 80 mm
[11] annually, an extensive water storage and irrigation works lies in the ruins.
[2]
[12]
Notable residents
Chronologically:
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (died c. 716 in Humayma), an early Muslim jurist and narrator of
hadith
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah (c. 680 - c. 744), the progenitor of the
Abbasid dynasty , born in Humayma
Sallamah Umm Abdallah , ancestor of Abbasid dynasty, mother of caliph al-Mansur and grandmother of Abbasid Caliph al-Mahdi.
Al-Mansur (714–775), the second
Abbasid Caliph (r. 754–775), born at Humeima
As-Saffah (721/722–754), the first Abbasid Caliph (r. 750–754), born at Humeima
Al-Mahdi (744/45–785), the third Abbasid Caliph (r. 775–785), born at Humeima
Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Mansur , an Abbasid prince and father of
Zubaidah (766 – 831)
See also
References
^
a
b
c
John Peter Oleson .
"The history and goals of the Humayma Excavation ProjectT" . University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved 29 July 2019 .
^
a
b
Humeima at nabataea.net (copyright 2002)
^
a
b Ghazi Bisheh , 2018. 2018.
"Humayma" in Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers .
^ Oleson, J. P., "Humaima" in: The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Archaeology in the Near East, E. M. Meyers (ed), Oxford, 1997, Vol. 3, pp.121–2.
^
Humaima Attraction in Aqaba Humayma .
^ Ghazi Bisheh , 2018.
"Humayma" in Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers .
^
"Auara, Humayma" . Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire .
^ Bisheh, Ghazi (2021).
"Humayma" . Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers (MWNF). Retrieved 8 March 2021 .
^
Humeima at Nabataea.net, CanBooks, accessed 8 March 2021.
^
Humeima Abbas House at Nabataea.net, CanBooks, accessed 8 March 2021.
^
"JMD English Site" .
^
Trekking from Petra to Wadi Rum .
External links