Hugh de Morville (died 1162) of
Appleby in
Westmorland, England, hereditary
Constable of Scotland, was a
Norman knight who made his fortune in the service of
David FitzMalcolm (d.1153),
Prince of the Cumbrians, later
King of Scotland.
Origins
Hugh came from
Morville in the
Cotentin Peninsula, in northern France. His parentage is unclear. According to
Barrow his father was probably Richard de Morville who in the early twelfth century witnessed charters made by Richard de Redvers relating to
Montebourg and the church of St. Mary in the castle of
Néhou,
[1] but though
Keats-Rohan gives that man other possible sons, she does not similarly associate Hugh with Richard.
[2]
In service of David of Scotland
Prince
David of Scotland held Cotentin in northern France, given to him by King
Henry I of England some time after 1106. Soon after, Hugh de Morville joined David's small military retinue in France. In 1113, following his marriage, Prince David was made
Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton, and also became Prince of the Cumbrians, having forced his brother King
Alexander I to hand over territory in southern Scotland
[3] David achieved this with the help of his French followers
[4]
David endowed Hugh with the estates of
Bozeat and
Whissendine, within his
Huntingdon earldom
[5] as his wife's dowery.
[6] During David's conquest of northern England after 1136, Hugh was also given the lordship of
Appleby, essentially northern
Westmorland.
[7] These lands later formed the
feudal barony of Appleby.
[8]
After the death of
Edward,
Constable of Scotland, almost certainly in 1138 at the
Battle of the Standard, Hugh was awarded that office.
[9] In addition "he obtained land and lordships which placed him in the very first rank of the Anglo-Norman nobility in Scotland. These comprised the Lordship of the Regality of Lauderdale, together with detached estates at Saltoun,
Haddingtonshire, Nenthorn and Newton Don,
Berwickshire, at Dryburgh on the Tweed opposite Old
Melrose, and probably also at Heriot in
Midlothian. In the west of Scotland he was given the whole of the Lordship of Cunningham, the northernmost third of Ayrshire. Lauderdale, with a castle at
Lauder, was held, it seems, for six knights' service; Cunningham possibly for two, with a castle at Irvine."
[10] In 1316-20 Cunningham was granted to Robert Stewart for three knight's service.
[11]
In 1150 Hugh made a further mark on the history of southern Scotland by founding
Dryburgh Abbey for
Premonstratensian canons regular,
[12] where he died as a canon in 1162.
[13]
Marriage and children
Hugh married Beatrice de Beauchamp, the heiress of the manor of
Houghton Conquest in
Bedfordshire.
[14] She is presumed[
citation needed] to be a daughter of Robert de Beauchamp (died pre-1130) (son of Hugh de Beauchamp).[
citation needed] By Beatrice he had at least two sons and two daughters, including:
[5]
-
Hugh de Morville, Lord of Westmorland (died c. 1202), who inherited his father's estates in the north of England. He was a principal player in the 1170 murder of
Thomas Becket,
Archbishop of Canterbury.
[5] He subsequently fell out of favour with King
Henry II who in 1174 confiscated his Lordship of Westmorland (which he had inherited from his father who had received it from
David I) and re-granted it to his sister, Maud de Morville, wife of William de
Vieuxpont.
[5]
-
Richard de Morville, possibly the second son, who inherited his father's Scottish estates and lands in the
Honour of Huntingdon. He also succeeded to the hereditary office of Constable of Scotland.
[5]
- Simon de Moreville (d. 1167), another possible son.
[15] He was seated at
Kirkoswald, Cumbria, ward of Leath,
Cumberland, and married Ada de Engaine, heiress of the
Feudal barony of Burgh by Sands, Cumberland.
- Ada de Morville, who at some time before 1157, married Roger Bertram, lord of Mitford, Northumberland.
[5]
- Grace de Morville, another possible daughter,[
citation needed] wife of the Cumbrian magnate
Sir Hubert de Vaux, of
Gilsland.
Death and burial
Hugh eventually retired as a canon to his foundation at
Dryburgh Abbey, where he soon died in 1162.
[13] An ancient memorial to him in the south wall is said to mark his burial-place.
Notes
-
^ Barrow, Anglo-Norman era, pp. 70–71n.
-
^ Keats-Rohan. Domesday Descendants, pp. 602–603
-
^ Richard Oram, David: The King Who Made Scotland, (Gloucestershire, 2004), pp. 59–63; A.A.M. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom, (Edinburgh, 1975), pp. 134, 217–8, 223.
-
^ A.O. Anderson, Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286, (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson (ed.), (Stamford, 1991), p. 193.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f Keith Stringer (2004).
"Morville, Hugh de (d. 1162)".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi:
10.1093/ref:odnb/19378. Retrieved 27 November 2006. (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
-
^ G.W.S. Barrow, "Beginnings of Military Feudalism", p. 251; Keith Stringer, "Early Lords of Lauderdale", in Keith Stringer (ed.), Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 46-7, implies that he got his English possessions first, but his patron David acquired his English and southern 'Scottish' possessions at the same time, and there is no evidence that he granted out his English possessions before granting out his Scottish possessions.
-
^ Keith Stringer, "Morville, Hugh de (d. 1162)"; G.W.S. Barrow, "The Scots and the North of England", p. 138.
-
^ Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, pp.103-4, Appleby
-
^ lawrie, Sir Archibald, Early Scottish Charters Prior to A.D. 1153, (Glasgow, 1905), p. 379.
-
^ Ritchie, R.L. Graeme, The Normans in Scotland,
Edinburgh University Press, 1954, and The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History by Professor G.W.S.Barrow, F.B.A., Oxford, 1980, pps: 70-72, plus see indexes for both books.
-
^ The Great Seal of Scotland, vol.1, no.54.
-
^ D.E.R. Watt, & N.F. Shead, (eds.), The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001), p. 101.
- ^
a
b Keith Stringer, "Early Lords of Lauderdale", p. 46.
-
^ Bannatyne Club (1847) Liber S. Marie de Dryburgh: Registrum Cartarum Abbacie Premonstratensis de Dryburgh (Edinburgh) ("Dryburgh"), 14, p. 9.
-
^ F. W. Ragg, ‘Charters to Byland Abbey’ Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological and Antiquarian Society New Series IX (1909), pp. 252-270.
Bibliography
-
Anderson, Alan Orr Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286, (London, 1908), republished,
Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991)
-
Barrow, G.W.S., The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History, Oxford, 1980, p. 71n.
- Barrow, G. W. S., "Beginnings of Military Feudalism", in G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), The Kingdom of the Scots, (Edinburgh, 2003), pp. 250–78
- Barrow, G. W. S., (editor) The Scots and the North of England in The Kingdom of the Scots, (Edinburgh, 2003), pp. 130–47
-
Duncan, A.A.M., Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom, (Edinburgh, 1975)
-
Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166. II. Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum, (Woodbridge, 2002)
- Lawrie, Sir Archibald, Early Scottish Charters Prior to A.D. 1153, (Glasgow, 1905)
-
Oram, Richard, David: The King Who Made Scotland, (Gloucestershire, 2004)
- Stringer, Keith, Early Lords of Lauderdale, in Keith Stringer (ed.), Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 44–71
- Stringer, Keith, Morville, Hugh de (d. 1162), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
accessed 27 Nov 2006
- Watt, D.E.R. & Shead, N.F. (eds.), The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries, The Scottish Records Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001)