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Helen Lee Gruehl
A young white woman with thick wavy bobbed hair, wearing a dark dress with a cowl neckline
Helen Lee Gruehl, from the 1924 yearbook of Mount Holyoke College
BornDecember 20, 1902
Passaic, New Jersey, United States
DiedSeptember 23, 1983
Concord, Massachusetts, United States
Other namesHelen Aikman
Occupation(s)Biochemist, immunologist

Helen Lee Gruehl Aikman (December 20, 1902 – September 1983) was an American immunologist.

Early life and education

Gruehl was born in Passaic, New Jersey, the daughter of Edward Charles Gruehl and Susan Ramsay Mason Gruehl. Her father was manager of a rubber factory; her mother was a teacher and clubwoman. [1] [2] Gruehl graduated from Passaic High School in 1920, and from Mount Holyoke College in 1924. [3] [4] Her major was chemistry, and her minor was in mathematics; she was also known as a dancer during her college years. [3] [5]

Career

Gruehl taught in the immunology department of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York University, while doing research on anaphylaxis. [6] She co-authored over a dozen scientific articles on protein sensitivity, allergies and asthma. [7] Her work appeared in scholarly journals including Experimental Biology and Medicine, [8] [9] Journal of Immunology, [7] American Journal of Diseases of Children, [10] Journal of Clinical Investigation, [11] American Journal of Epidemiology, [12] and Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. [13]

Publications

  • "The anaphylactogenic character of horse dander and its crossed relationship to horse serum" (1925, with Bret Ratner and Holmes C. Jackson) [8]
  • "Active and passive protein sensitization in utero" (1926, with Bret Ratner and Holmes C. Jackson) [9]
  • "Transmission of protein hypersensitiveness from mother to offspring" (1927, with Bret Ratner and Holmes C. Jackson) [7]
  • "Ocular Manifestations in Anaphylaxis" (1927, with Bret Ratner and Holmes C. Jackson) [14]
  • "Respiratory Anaphylaxis: Sensitization, Shock, Bronchial Asthma, and Death Induced in the Guinea Pig by the Nasal Inhalation of Dry Horse Dander" (1927, with Bret Ratner and Holmes C. Jackson) [10]
  • "Investigations of Methods in the Study of Anaphylaxis" (1928, with Bret Ratner) [15]
  • "Is Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma) the Result of a Local or General Sensitization?" (1928, with Bret Ratner) [16]
  • "Congenital Hypersensitiveness Transmitted to the Third Generation" (1929, with Bret Ratner) [17]
  • "The Sensitizing Dose in Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma)" (1929, with Bret Ratner) [18]
  • "Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma) and Ricin Poisoning Induced with Castor Bean Dust" [12]
  • "Identity of Animal Anaphylaxis and Human Allergy (Protein Hypersensitiveness)" (1930, with Bret Ratner) [19]
  • "Congenital Protein Hypersensitiveness in Two Generations" (1931, with Bret Ratner) [20]
  • "Passage of native proteins through the normal gastro-intestinal wall" (1934, with Bret Ratner) [11]
  • "Anaphylactogenic properties of milk: Immunochemistry of the purified proteins and antigenic changes resulting from heat and acidification" (1935, with Bret Ratner) [21]
  • "Anaphylactogenic properties of malted sugars and corn syrup" (1935, with Bret Ratner) [13]

Personal life

Gruehl married building contractor Edgerton Ladd Aikman in 1930. [6] They had a daughter, Beverley. Her husband died in 1973, [22] and she died in 1983, in Concord, Massachusetts, at the age of 81. [23]

References

  1. ^ "E. C. Gruehl Dies after Golf, Former U.S. Rubber Manager". The Herald-News. July 16, 1949. p. 2. Retrieved October 2, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ "Literary Program at Gruehl Home". Passaic Daily Herald. March 29, 1923. p. 12. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ a b Mount Holyoke College, Llamarada (1924 yearbook): 91.
  4. ^ "Upper Montclair Notes". The Montclair Times. February 5, 1930. p. 11. Retrieved October 2, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Miss Gruehl to Receive Degree". Passaic Daily Herald. June 7, 1924. p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b "Social Activities of Montclair and Vicinity". The Montclair Times. April 16, 1930. p. 13. Retrieved October 2, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b c Ratner, Bret; Jackson, Holmes C.; Gruehl, Helen Lee (November 1927). "Transmission of protein hypersensitiveness from mother to offspring". Journal of Immunology. 14 (5): 249–303. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.14.5.249 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ a b Ratner, B.; Jackson, H. C.; Gruehl, H. L. (October 1, 1925). "The anaphylactogenic character of horse dander and its crossed relationship to horse serum". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 23 (1): 16–17. doi: 10.3181/00379727-23-2806. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  88247008.
  9. ^ a b Ratner, B.; Jackson, H. C.; Gruehl, H. L. (February 1, 1926). "Active and passive protein sensitization in utero". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 23 (5): 327–330. doi: 10.3181/00379727-23-2959. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  88179765.
  10. ^ a b Ratner, Bret (July 1, 1927). "Respiratory Anaphylaxis: Sensitization, Shock, Bronchial Asthma, and Death Induced in the Guinea Pig by the Nasal Inhalation of Dry Horse Dander". American Journal of Diseases of Children. 34 (1): 23. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1927.04130190030002. ISSN  0096-8994.
  11. ^ a b Ratner, Bret, and Helen L. Gruehl. "Passage of native proteins through the normal gastro-intestinal wall." The Journal of Clinical Investigation 13, no. 4 (1934): 517-532.
  12. ^ a b Ratner, Bret; Gruehl, Helen Lee (July 1, 1929). "Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma) and Ricin Poisoning Induced with Castor Bean Dust". American Journal of Epidemiology. 10 (1): 236–244. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112751. ISSN  1476-6256.
  13. ^ a b Ratner, Bret; Gruehl, Helen Lee (February 1, 1935). "Anaphylactogenic properties of malted sugars and corn syrup". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 49 (2): 307. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1935.01970020022002. ISSN  1072-4710.
  14. ^ Ratner, B.; Jackson, H. C.; Gruehl, H. L. (February 1, 1927). "Ocular Manifestations in Anaphylaxis". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 24 (5): 444–445. doi: 10.3181/00379727-24-3409. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  75838583.
  15. ^ Ratner, B.; Gruehl, H. L. (December 1, 1928). "Investigations of Methods in the Study of Anaphylaxis". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 26 (3): 197–198. doi: 10.3181/00379727-26-4214. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  87871342.
  16. ^ Ratner, B.; Gruehl, H. L. (November 1, 1928). "Is Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma) the Result of a Local or General Sensitization?". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 26 (2): 127–128. doi: 10.3181/00379727-26-4174. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  88445376.
  17. ^ Ratner, B.; Gruehl, H. L. (May 1, 1929). "Congenital Hypersensitiveness Transmitted to the Third Generation". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 26 (8): 679–680. doi: 10.3181/00379727-26-4456. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  88109756.
  18. ^ Ratner, B.; Gruehl, H. L. (January 1, 1929). "The Sensitizing Dose in Respiratory Anaphylaxis (Asthma)". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 26 (4): 327–328. doi: 10.3181/00379727-26-4283. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  87686252.
  19. ^ Ratner, B.; Gruehl, H. L. (March 1, 1930). "Identity of Animal Anaphylaxis and Human Allergy (Protein Hypersensitiveness)". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 27 (6): 574–576. doi: 10.3181/00379727-27-4862. ISSN  1535-3702. S2CID  87792056.
  20. ^ Ratner, Bret; Gruehl, Helen Lee (May 1, 1931). "Congenital Protein Hypersensitiveness in Two Generations". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 53 (5): 677–686. doi: 10.1084/jem.53.5.677. ISSN  1540-9538. PMC  2131989. PMID  19869873.
  21. ^ Ratner, Bret; Gruehl, H. L. (February 1, 1935). "Anaphylactogenic properties of milk: Immunochemistry of the purified proteins and antigenic changes resulting from heat and acidification". American Journal of Diseases of Children. 49 (2). doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1935.01970020002001. ISSN  0096-8994.
  22. ^ "Obituary for Edgerton L. Aikman (Aged 72)". The Berkshire Eagle. February 28, 1973. p. 19. Retrieved October 2, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Obituary for Helen Lee Aikman". The Boston Globe. September 25, 1983. p. 94. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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