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Malay and Indonesian word for spirit or ghost
Hantu is the
Malay and
Indonesian word for spirit or ghost.
[1] In modern usage it generally means spirits of the dead but has also come to refer to any legendary invisible being, such as demons.
[2] In its traditional context the term also referred to animistic
nature spirits or ancestral souls.
[3] The word is derived from
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanitu and
Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu .
Cognates in other
Austronesian languages include the
Micronesian aniti ,
Lio language nitu ,
Yami anito ,
Taivoan alid ,
Seediq and
Atayal utux ,
Bunun
hanitu or hanidu ,
Polynesian
aitu or
atua , and
Tsou hicu among the
Formosan languages .
[4]
[5] In terms of concept and place in traditional folklore, it is most similar to the Filipino
anito .
Types
Aside from generic spirits of the dead, there exist various forms of Hantu including both the benign and malevolent.
Hantu Air : spirit inhabiting the water
Hantu Beruk: ape demon
[6]
Hantu Belian: tiger spirit
[6]
Hantu Musang: a
civet cat spirit that is invoked in a game of
possession
[7]
Hantu Pusaka: grave demon
[8]
Hantu Raya : great demon.
[6] This hantu is considered the strongest among evil spirits of the jungles of Malaysia, and takes the appearance of its owner.
[9]
Hantu Rimba: deep-forest demon
[6]
Hantu Tinggi : tall hantu that is associated with trees
[10]
See also
References
^
Linguistik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 45. Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ Knappert, Jan (1992).
Pacific Mythology: An Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend . Aquarian Press. p. 61.
ISBN
9781855381339 . Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ Bane, Theresa (2012).
Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures . McFarland. p. 162.
ISBN
9780786488940 . Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ Julian Baldick, ed. (2013).
Ancient Religions of the Austronesian World: From Australasia to Taiwan . I.B.Tauris. p. 3.
ISBN
9780857733573 .
^ Leberecht Funk (2014). "Entanglements between Tao People and Anito on Lanyu Island, Taiwan". In Y. Musharbash & G.H. Presterudstuen (ed.). Monster Anthropology in Australasia and Beyond . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 143–159.
doi :
10.1057/9781137448651_9 .
ISBN
9781137448651 .
^
a
b
c
d Skeat, Walter William (1965).
Malay Magic: An Introduction To The Folklore And Popular Religion Of The Malay Peninsula . Psychology Press. p. 104.
ISBN
9780714620268 . Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ Brewster, Paul G. (1 January 1958). "The Malayan Hantu Musang and Other Possession Games of Indonesia and Indochina". Oriens . 11 (1/2): 162–176.
doi :
10.2307/1578932 .
JSTOR
1578932 .
^ Daniels, Kimberly (2013).
The Demon Dictionary . Charisma Media. p. 151.
ISBN
9781621363002 . Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ Tajudin, Haji Zain; Lyman, Thomas A.
"The Hantu Raya: a Malay Demon" (PDF) . The Siamese Heritage Protection Program. Retrieved 9 February 2017 .
^ McHugh, James Noel (1959).
Hantu Hantu: An Account of Ghost Belief in Modern Malaya . D. Moore. p. 123. Retrieved 4 October 2021 .
Legends Priestesses,
shamans Types of Malay ghosts Malay saints Chinese spirit places See also