Hans_Wehr_transliteration References

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The Hans Wehr transliteration system is a system for transliteration of the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet used in the Hans Wehr dictionary (1952; in English 1961). The system was modified somewhat in the English editions. It is printed in lowercase italics. It marks some consonants using diacritics ( underdot, macron below, and caron) rather than digraphs, and writes long vowels with macrons.

The transliteration of the Arabic alphabet:

Letter	Name	Transliteration	Eng. ed.^[1]
ء	hamza	ʼ
ا	alif	ā
ب	bāʼ	b
ت	tāʼ	t
ث	ṯāʼ	ṯ
ج	ǧīm	ǧ	j
ح	ḥāʼ	ḥ
خ	ḫāʼ	ḫ	ḵ
د	dāl	d
ذ	ḏāl	ḏ
ر	rāʼ	r
ز	zāy	z
س	sīn	s
ش	šīn	š
ص	ṣād	ṣ
ض	ḍād	ḍ
ط	ṭāʼ	ṭ
ظ	ẓāʼ	ẓ
ع	ʽain	ʽ
غ	ġain	ġ	ḡ
ف	fāʼ	f
ق	qāf	q
ك	kāf	k
ل	lām	l
م	mīm	m
ن	nūn	n
ه	hāʼ	h
و	wāw	w, u, or ū
ي	yāʼ	y, i, or ī

Hamza (ء) is represented as ʼ in the middle and at the end of a word. At the beginning of a word, it is not represented.
The tāʼ marbūṭa (ة) is normally not represented, and words ending in it simply have a final -a. It is, however, represented with a t when it is the ending of the first noun of an iḍāfa and with an h when it appears after a long ā.
Native Arabic long vowels: ā ī ū
Long vowels in borrowed words: ē ō
Short vowels: fatḥa is represented as a, kasra as i and ḍamma as u. (see short vowel marks)
Wāw and yāʼ are represented as u and i after fatḥa: ʻain "eye", yaum "day".
Non-standard Arabic consonants: p (پ), ž (ژ), g (گ)
Alif maqṣūra (ى): ā
Madda (آ): ā at the beginning of a word, ʼā in the middle or at the end
A final yāʼ (ي), the nisba adjective ending, is represented as ī normally, but as īy when the ending contains the third consonant of the root. This difference is not written in the Arabic.
Capitalization: The transliteration uses no capitals, even for proper names.
Definite article: The Arabic definite article الـ is represented as al- except where assimilation occurs: al- + šams is transliterated aš-šams (see sun and moon letters). The a in al- is omitted after a final a (as in lamma šamla l-qatīʻ "to round up the herd") or changed to i after a feminine third person singular perfect verb form (as in kašafat il-ḥarbu ʻan sāqin "war flared up").

Notes