Guy Mattison Davenport (November 23, 1927 – January 4, 2005) was an American writer, translator, illustrator, painter, intellectual, and teacher.[1]
Life
Guy Davenport was born in
Anderson, South Carolina, in the foothills of
Appalachia on November 23, 1927. His father was an agent for the
Railway Express Agency. Davenport said that he became a reader only at 10, with a neighbor’s gift of one of the
Tarzan series.[2] At age eleven, he began a neighborhood newspaper, drawing all the illustrations and writing all the stories.[3] At 13, he "broke [his] right leg (skating) and was laid up for a wearisome while"; it was then that he began "reading with real interest",[4] beginning with a biography of
Leonardo.[2] He left high school early and enrolled at
Duke University a few weeks after his seventeenth birthday.[5] At Duke, he studied art[4] (with
Clare Leighton), graduating with a
BAsumma cum laude in
classics and
English literature. He was elected to
Phi Beta Kappa his junior year.
Davenport befriended
Ezra Pound during the poet's incarceration in
St. Elizabeths Hospital, visiting him annually from 1952 until Pound's release, in 1958, and later at Pound's home in
Rapallo,
Italy. Davenport described one such visit, in 1963, in the story "Ithaka". Davenport wrote his dissertation on Pound's poetry, published as Cities on Hills in 1983. This interest led him to
Hugh Kenner, who became one of his most important literary friends. They carried on a voluminous correspondence from 1958 till 2002, as recorded in the book Questioning Minds: The Letters of Guy Davenport and Hugh Kenner.
After completing his PhD, he taught at
Haverford College from 1961 to 1963 but soon took a position at the
University of Kentucky, "the remotest offer with the most pay," as he wrote to
Jonathan Williams. Davenport taught at Kentucky until he received a
MacArthur Fellowship, which prompted his retirement, at the end of 1990.[7]
Davenport was married briefly in the early 1960s.[8] He dedicated Eclogues, 1981, to "Bonnie Jean" (Cox), his companion from 1965[9] to his death.[10] Other Davenport volumes dedicated to Cox include Objects on a Table (1998) and The Death of Picasso (2004). Cox became Trustee for the Guy Davenport Estate.[11]
In one of his essays, Davenport claimed to "live almost exclusively off fried baloney, Campbell's soup, and Snickers bars."[12]
Davenport began publishing fiction in 1970 with "The Aeroplanes at
Brescia," which is based on
Kafka's visit to an air show in September 1909.[14] His books include Tatlin!, Da Vinci's Bicycle, Eclogues, Apples and Pears, The
Jules Verne Steam Balloon, The Drummer of the Eleventh North
DevonshireFusiliers, A Table of Green Fields, The
Cardiff Team, and Wo es war, soll ich werden. His fiction uses three general modes of exposition: the fictionalizing of historical events and figures; the foregrounding of formal narrative experiments, especially with the use of
collage; and the depicting of a
Fourieristutopia, where small groups of men, women, and children have eliminated the separation between mind and body.
The first of more than four hundred Davenport essays, articles, introductions, and book reviews appeared while he was still an undergraduate; the last, just weeks before his death. Davenport was a regular reviewer for National Review and The Hudson Review, and, late in his life, at the invitation of
John Jeremiah Sullivan, he spent a year writing the "New Books" column for
Harper's Magazine. His essays range from literary to social topics, from brief book reviews to lectures such as the title piece in his first collection of essays, The Geography of the Imagination. His other collections of essays were Every Force Evolves a Form and The Hunter
Gracchus and Other Papers on Literature and Art.
He also published two slim volumes on art: A
Balthus Notebook and Objects on a Table. Although he wrote on many topics, Davenport, who never had a driver's license, was especially passionate about the destruction of American cities by the automobile.
Davenport published a handful of poems. The longest are the book-length Flowers and Leaves, an intricate meditation on art and America, and "The Resurrection in
Cookham Churchyard" (borrowing the title from a painting by
Stanley Spencer). A selection of his poems and translations was published as Thasos and
Ohio.
Davenport translated ancient Greek texts, particularly from the
archaic period. These were published in periodicals, then small volumes, and finally collected in 7 Greeks. He also translated the occasional other piece, including a few poems of
Rilke's, some
ancient Egyptian texts [after
Boris de Rachewiltz], and, with
Benjamin Urrutia, the sayings of Jesus, published as The Logia of Yeshua.
Visual art
With his childhood newspaper, Davenport launched both his literary and artistic vocations. The former remained dormant or sporadic for some time while the latter, "making drawings, watercolors, and
gouaches, [continued] throughout school, the army, and his early years as a teacher."[15] He drew or painted nearly every day of his life,[15] and his notebooks contain drawings and pasted-in illustrations and photos cheek by jowl with his own observations and other writings and quotations from others.
From college forward, Davenport supplied cover art and decorations to literary periodicals. He also supplied illustrations for others' books, notably two by
Hugh Kenner: The Stoic Comedians (1962) and The Counterfeiters (1968).[16]
As a visual artist (and childhood newspaper magnate) who also wrote, Davenport had a lifelong interest in printing and book design. His poems and fictions were often first published in
limited editions by small press craftsmen.[17]
In 1965 Davenport and Laurence Scott prepared and printed Pound's Canto CX in an edition of 118 copies, 80 of which they presented to Pound for his 80th birthday. The previous year they had produced Ezra's Bowmen of
Shu on the same press, a double broadside that published for the first time, with a brief introductory essay by Davenport, a drawing by sculptor
Henri Gaudier-Brzeska and a letter of Gaudier's from the trenches of World War I that cites Pound's poem (translated from one in the
Shi Jing) "The Song of the Bowmen of Shu".[18]
Many of Davenport's earlier stories are combinations of pictures and text, especially Tatlin! and Apples and Pears (where some of the illustrations are of pages that resemble those of his own notebooks).
"It was my intention, when I began writing fiction several years ago, to construct texts that were both written and drawn.... I continued this method right through Apples and Pears... The designer [of A+P] understood [my] collages to be gratuitous illustrations having nothing to do with anything, reduced them all to burnt toast, framed them with nonsensical lines, and sabotaged my whole enterprise. I took this as final defeat, and haven't tried to combine drawing and writing in any later work of fiction."[19]
Tatlin!: Six Stories (Scribner's, 1974) (with illustrations by Davenport)
Da Vinci's Bicycle: Ten Stories (University of Chicago Press, 1979) (with illustrations by Davenport)
Eclogues: Eight Stories (North Point Press, 1981) (two stories illustrated by Roy Behrens)
Trois Caprices (The Pace Trust, 1981) (three stories later collected in The Jules Verne Steam Balloon)
The Bowmen of
Shu (The Grenfell Press, 1984) (limited ed., collected in Apples and Pears)
Apples and Pears and Other Stories (North Point Press, 1984) (with illustrations by Davenport)
The Bicycle Rider (Red Ozier Press, 1985) (limited ed., later collected—in a different version—in The Jules Verne Steam Balloon)
Jonah: A Story (Nadja Press, 1986) (limited ed., later collected in The Jules Verne Steam Balloon)
The
Jules Verne Steam Balloon: Nine Stories (North Point Press, 1987)
The Drummer of the Eleventh North
DevonshireFusiliers (North Point Press, 1990)
The
Lark (Dim Gray Bar Press, 1993) (limited ed., illustrated by Davenport)
A Table of Green Fields: Ten Stories (New Directions, 1993)
The Cardiff Team: Ten Stories (New Directions, 1996)
Twelve Stories (Counterpoint, 1997) (selections from Tatlin!, Apples and Pears, and The Drummer of the Eleventh North Devonshire Fusiliers)
The Death of
Picasso: New and Selected Writing (Shoemaker and Hoard, 2003) (contains seven essays [three previously uncollected] along with nineteen stories [two previously uncollected] and one play)
Wo es war, soll ich werden: The Restored Original Text (Finial Press, 2004) (limited ed.)
[1]
The Guy Davenport Reader, ed. Erik Reece (Counterpoint, 2013) (A posthumous collection of Davenport's fiction, essays, poems, translations, and notebooks assembled by Erik Reece, a former Davenport student and his literary executor.)
Translations
Carmina Archilochi: The Fragments of
Archilochos (University of California Press, 1964)
Sappho: Songs and Fragments (University of Michigan Press, 1965)
Maxims of the Ancient Egyptians (The Pace Trust, 1983) (from
Boris de Rachewiltz's Massime degli antichi egiziani, 1954)
Anakreon (The University of Alabama/ Parallel Editions, 1991)
Archilochos,
Sappho,
Alkman: Three Lyric Poets (University of California Press, 1980) (adds Alkman to Carmina Archilochi and Sappho: Songs and Fragments)
7 Greeks (New Directions, 1995) (revises and collects the texts—but none of Davenport's drawings—from Carmina Archilochi, Sappho: Songs and Fragments, Herakleitos and Diogenes, The Mimes of Herondas, Anakreon, and Archilochos, Sappho, Alkman)
Poetry
Cydonia Florentia (The Lowell-Adams House Printers/Laurence Scott, 1966)
Flowers and Leaves: Poema vel Sonata, Carmina Autumni Primaeque Veris Transformationem (Nantahala Foundation/Jonathan Williams, 1966; Bamberger Books, 1991) (illustrated by Davenport)
The Resurrection in
Cookham Churchyard (Jordan Davies, 1982)
Goldfinch Thistle Star (Red Ozier Press, 1983) (illustrated by
Lachlan Stewart)
Thasos and Ohio: Poems and Translations, 1950–1980 (North Point Press, 1986) (includes most of Flowers and Leaves, along with translations of six of the "7 Greeks" and of
Rainer Maria Rilke and
Harold Schimmel)
37 Avenue Samson, Cimetiere Montmartre, (Lexington, KY: The King Library Press, 1985) (a single broadsheet limited edition of 150 copies)
Commentary and essays
The Intelligence of Louis Agassiz (Beacon Press, 1963)
Pennant Key-Indexed Study Guide to
Homer's The
Iliad (Educational Research Associates, 1967)
Pennant Key-Indexed Study Guide to
Homer's The
Odyssey (Educational Research Associates, 1967)
The Geography of the Imagination: Forty Essays. (North Point Press, 1981)
Cities on Hills: A Study of I – XXX of
Ezra Pound's
Cantos (UMI Research, 1983)
The Hunter
Gracchus and Other Papers on Literature and Art (Counterpoint, 1996)
Objects on a Table: Harmonious Disarray in Art and Literature (Counterpoint, 1998)
The Death of Picasso: New and Selected Writing (Counterpoint, 2005)
Paintings and drawings
A Balance of
Quinces: The Paintings and Drawings of Guy Davenport, with an essay by
Erik Anderson Reece (New Directions, 1996)
50 Drawings (Dim Gray Bar Press, 1996) (limited ed.) Introduction by Davenport gives an account of the role drawing and painting played in his life.
Joan Crane's Davenport bibliography (see below) includes a 25-page insert of reproductions that suggest the range of his drawing styles.
Two books by
Hugh Kenner, The Counterfeiters and The
Stoic Comedians, include Davenport's crosshatched crow quill and ink work, ten full-page drawings in each.
Letters
A Garden Carried in a Pocket: Letters 1964–1968, ed. Thomas Meyer (Green Shade, 2004). Selected correspondence with
Jonathan Williams
Fragments from a Correspondence, ed. Nicholas Kilmer (ARION, Winter 2006, 89–129)
Selected Letters: Guy Davenport and
James Laughlin, ed. W. C. Bamberger (W. W. Norton, 2007)
Questioning Minds: The Letters of Guy Davenport and Hugh Kenner, ed. Edward M. Burns, 2 vols. (Counterpoint, 2018)
I Remember This Detail: Letters to Bamberger Books, ed. W. C. Bamberger (Bamberger Books, 2022)
Published bibliography
Crane, Joan. Guy Davenport: A Descriptive Bibliography, 1947–1995 (Green Shade, 1996).
^Crane, Joan. Guy Davenport: A Descriptive Bibliography, 1947–1995. Haverford: Green Shade, 1996. 95,96. (See also 24 unnumbered pages of drawings inserted between pages 184 and 185).
^50 Drawings (Dim Gray Bar Press, 1996. Introduction.)
Further reading
Alpert, Barry (ed.). "Guy Davenport / Ronald Johnson". VORT 9, 1976.
Bawer, Bruce. "Wise guy". Bookforum, April 2005.
[2]
Cahill, Christopher. "Prose" (The Cardiff Team and The Hunter Gracchus). Boston Review, April/May 1997.
Cohen, Paul. "Art in the Soviet Union: Davenport's Visual Critique in 'Tatlin!'". Mosaic, 1985.
Cozy, David. "Knowledge as Delight / The Fiction of Guy Davenport", RainTaxi, Fall 2002.
———. "A Plain Modernist" (The Death of Picasso: New and Selected Writing). The Threepenny Review, Summer 2004.
———. "Guy Davenport". The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Fall 2005.
Delany, Samuel R. "The 'Gay Writer' / 'Gay Writing'...?" in Shorter Views: Queer Thoughts & the Politics of the Paraliterary (Wesleyan University Press, 1999).
Dillon, Patrick. "Dimensions of Erewhon: The Modern Orpheus in Guy Davenport's 'The Dawn in Erewhon'". CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal (University of Pennsylvania, 2006).
[3]
Dirda, Michael. "Guy Davenport", in Readings: Essays and Literary Entertainments (W.W. Norton, 2000).
Furlani, Andre. "A Postmodern Utopia of Childhood Sexuality: The Fiction of Guy Davenport", in Curiouser: On the Queerness of Children (University of Minnesota Press, 2004).
———. Guy Davenport: Postmodern and After (Northwestern University Press, 2007).
Mason, Wyatt. "There Must I Begin to Be: Guy Davenport's Heretical Fictions". Harper's Magazine, April 2004.
Quartermain, Peter. "Writing as
Assemblage / Guy Davenport", in Disjunctive Poetics (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
Shannon, John (ed.). "A Symposium on Guy Davenport". Margins 13, August–September 1974.
Zachar, Laurence. "L'écriture de Guy Davenport, fragments et fractals". Lille : A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III, 1996. OCLC: 70116807. (Zachar's thesis is in French, but extensive interview material and letters appear in English in an appendix, pp. 426–488.)