| Grylloblatta campodeiformis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Grylloblattodea |
| Family: | Grylloblattidae |
| Genus: | Grylloblatta |
| Species: | G. campodeiformis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Grylloblatta campodeiformis
Walker, 1914
| |
Grylloblatta campodeiformis, also known as the northern rock crawler, is an omnivorous species of insect in family Grylloblattidae. [1] Like other species in the genus Grylloblatta, it is endemic to North America.
Taxonomy
This species was the first grylloblatid discovered and formally described in the scientific literature by Edmund Walker in 1914. [2] It was originally placed in the order Orthoptera but has since been placed in the order Notoptera.
There are currently four subspecies: [3]
- Grylloblatta campodeiformis athapaska Kamp, 1979, recorded in British Columbia, Alberta, and Montana
- Grylloblatta campodeiformis campodeiformis Walker, 1914, recorded in British Columbia
- Grylloblatta campodeiformis nahanni Kamp, 1979, recorded in British Columbia
- Grylloblatta campodeiformis occidentalis Silvestri, 1931, recorded in Washington state, US
Description
Adults are typically 3 cm (1.2 in) long, excluding ovipositors and cerci, and are fairly elongate, wingless insects. They are a uniform honey-yellow in colour and covered with very short hair. Unlike some other species of grylloblatid, G. campodeiformis has eyes which have roughly 70 facets. The head is fairly flat and rounded. The thorax is elongate and over a third of the body length. The abdomen is composed of 10 segments and over half the body length. The legs are long and narrow (cursorial) with stout coxae and long femora. [2] Their antennae are long ~9 mm (0.35 in) and thread-like. In adults the number of antennal subsegments is variable ranging from 24 to 27. [4]
Biology
Diet
Rock crawlers are nocturnal predators and scavengers that actively search for small, invertebrate prey. They also venture onto snowfields, foraging for “insect-fallout” carried and deposited there by wind.
Distribution and habitat
This species was originally discovered on Sulphur Mountain, Alberta in the Canadian Rockies at an altitude of 6,500 feet (2,000 m). [2] Subsequently it has been recorded from British Columbia (Canada), Montana, Washington (USA). [5]
They are ground dwelling animals, living between small stones and debris during the day. [6] While they can survive warmer temperatures of up to 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) they are typically nocturnal, becoming active on snow fields at cooler temperatures of around 0 °C (32 °F) making them psychrophilic. [5]
Like other North American grylloblattids, G. campodeiformis is at some risk of extinction due to its habitat requirements and reduced mobility. [5]
References
- ^ "Species Grylloblatta campodeiformis - Northern Rock Crawler". Retrieved 2014-12-25.
- ^ a b c Walker, Edmund (1914). "A new species of Orthoptera, forming a new genus and family". The Canadian Entomologist. 46 (3): 93–99. doi: 10.4039/ent4693-3. S2CID 85329926. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
- ^ Schoville, Sean D.; Graening, G. O. (2013-11-21). "Updated checklist of the ice-crawlers (Insecta: Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) of North America, with notes on their natural history, biogeography and conservation". Zootaxa. 3737 (4). Magnolia Press: 351–378. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25112759.
- ^ Slifer, Eleanor H. (1976). "Sense organs on antennal flagellum of Grylloblata campodeiformis E.M. Walker (Orthoptera: Grylloblattodea)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 87 (9 & 10): 275–276. Retrieved 2014-12-25.
- ^ a b c Schoville, Sean D.; Graening, G. O. (2013). "Updated checklist of the ice-crawlers (Insecta: Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) of North America, with notes on their natural history, biogeography and conservation". Zootaxa. 3737 (4): 351–378. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3737.4.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25112759.
- ^ Silvestri, F. (1931). "Notes on Grylloblatta campodeiformis and a Description of a New Variety (Grylloblattidae)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 57 (3): 291–295. JSTOR 25077264.