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Family of crickets
The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which
entomologists now term true
crickets . Having long, whip-like
antennae , they belong to the
Orthopteran suborder
Ensifera , which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g.
Imms
[3] ): taxa such as the
spider-crickets and allies ,
sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and
scaly crickets have been elevated to family level.
[a] The type genus is
Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by
Francis Walker .
[4]
They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).
[2] The largest members of the family are the 5 cm (2 in)-long bull crickets (
Brachytrupes ) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (
Oecanthinae ) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets (
Gryllinae ) are robust brown or black insects.
[5]
Subfamilies
The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):
[2]
Subfamily group
Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781
Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic:
Gryllomimus Chopard, 1936 (Africa)
Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
†
Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
†
Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987
Crato Formation , Brazil,
Aptian ?
Weald Clay , United Kingdom,
Hauterivian
†
Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
†
Cratogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
†
Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985
Dzun-Bain Formation , Mongolia, Aptian
†
Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
†
Nanaripegryllus Martins-Neto 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
Sclerogryllinae Gorochov, 1985
Subfamily group Podoscirtinae
Subfamily
Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the
Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
Subfamily
Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845 – tree crickets
Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
genus †
Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019
Bembridge Marls , United Kingdom,
Priabonian
genus †
Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
genus †
Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019
[6]
Fur Formation , Denmark,
Ypresian
genus †
Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
genus †
Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908
Florissant Formation , United States, Eocene
genus
Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement
[7] )
genus †
Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
genus †
Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020,
Burmese amber , Myanmar,
Cenomanian
genus †
Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
See also
References
External links