Forms of protective eyewear that do not enclose the nose
Goggles, or safety glasses, are forms of
protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or
chemicals from striking the
eyes. They are used in
chemistry laboratories and in
woodworking. They are often used in snow sports as well, and in
swimming. Goggles are often worn when using
power tools such as
drills or
chainsaws to prevent flying particles from damaging the eyes. Many types of goggles are available as prescription goggles for those with vision problems.
History
The
Inuit and
Yupik carved
snow goggles from the
antlers of
caribou, wood, and shell to help prevent
snow blindness. The goggles were curved to fit the user's face and had a large groove cut in the back to allow for the nose. A long thin slit was cut through the goggles to allow in a small amount of light, diminishing subsequent
ultraviolet rays. The goggles were held to the head by a cord made of caribou
sinew.
In the early 20th century, goggles were worn by drivers of uncovered cars to prevent irritation of the eyes by dust or wind.[1] Likewise in the first ten years after the invention of the airplane in 1903 goggles became a necessity as wind blow became more severe as aircraft speeds increased and as protection against bugstrikes at high altitudes. The first pilot to wear goggles was probably
Charles Manly in his failed attempt to fly
Samuel Langley's aerodrome in 1903.
Types
The requirements for goggles varies depending on the use. Some examples:
Cold weather: Most modern cold-weather goggles have two layers of
lens to prevent the interior from becoming "foggy". With only a single lens, the interior
water vapor condenses onto the lens because the lens is colder than the vapor, although
anti-fog agents can be used. The reasoning behind the dual layer lens is that the inner lens will be warm while the outer lens will be cold. As long as the temperature of the inner lens is close to that of the interior water vapor, the vapor should not condense. However, if water vapor gets between the layers of the lens, condensation can occur between the lenses and is almost impossible to get rid of; thus, properly constructed and maintained dual layer lenses should be airtight to prevent water vapor from entering between the lenses.
Swimming: Must be watertight to prevent water, such as
salt water when swimming in the
ocean, or
chlorinated water when swimming in a pool, from irritating the eyes or blurring vision. Allow swimmers to see clearly underwater. They will not be usable more than a few feet underwater, because the water pressure will press them tightly against the face. (Below this limit, a
diving mask must be used, which allows the user to equalize pressure by exhaling air through the nose.) Examples of these include
Swedish goggles.
Power tools: Must be made of an unbreakable material that prevents chunks of metal, wood, plastic, concrete, and so on from hitting or piercing the eye, usually
polycarbonate. Usually has some sort of ventilation to prevent sweat from building up inside the goggles and fogging the surface.
Blowtorch goggles: These protect the eyes from glare and flying sparks and hot metal splashes while using or near a
blowtorch. They are not the correct filters for
arc welding.
Welding goggles: Includes all goggles for eye protection during welding or cutting. They provide protection against debris, the heat from welding, and, with the proper filters, the optical radiation resulting from the welding, which can otherwise cause
arc eye.
Motorcycle riding and other open-air activities: Prevents insects, dust, and so on from hitting the eyes.
Laboratory and
research: Combines impact resistance with side shields to prevent chemical splashes reaching the eyes. May also include
laser protection which would be covered by
EN 207 (Europe) and ANSI Z 136 (United States). Examples of these include
red adaptation goggles.
Racquetball: Protect the eyes from racquets swinging in an enclosed area and from impact from hard rubber ball.
Winter sports: Protect the eyes from
glare and from icy particles flying up from the ground. Double lens anti-fog ski goggles were invented and patented by Robert Earl "Bob" Smith.[2][3][4] Visible Light Transmission (VLT) or S value describes the percentage of light allowed through the lens.[5]
Basketball: Several
NBA players have worn goggles during play, including
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar,
James Worthy,
Horace Grant,
Kurt Rambis and
Amar'e Stoudemire; they prevent a fellow player from scratching or hitting the eyes when trying to grab the basketball. In most circumstances, a player starts wearing protective goggles to prevent further injury to the eyes.
Gaelic handball and
squash: goggles are worn to protect the eye from injury by the ball. The ball used in these sports is smaller than the
eye socket, meaning that it can strike the eyeball directly.[6][7][8]
Virtual reality: A virtual reality headset, sometimes called "goggles", is a wrap-around visual interface to display computer output. Commonly the computer display information is presented as a three-dimensional representation of real-world environments.
Drunkenness: Goggles designed to simulate the vision altering effects of
psychoactive drugs, in particular
alcohol. Examples include
Fatal Vision goggles. There are no studies that have found beneficial effects of use of fatal vision goggles on the likelihood that individuals will later engage in impaired driving.[9][10]
Fashion
Goggles are often worn as a fashion statement in certain subcultures, most often as part of the
cybergoth subculture. They are usually worn over the eyes or up on the forehead to secure 'falls': a type of long, often brightly coloured, synthetic hairpiece. Fans of the
steampunk genre or subculture also frequently wear steampunk-styled goggles, particularly when performing in a
live action role-playing game.
Goggles are also frequently used by
anime and
manga characters as a fashion statement. For example, it is an idiosyncrasy of team leader characters in the Digimon anime to wear goggles. Other notable characters who wear goggles are the young
Naruto Uzumaki and Konohamaru from
Naruto, Matt from Death Note and
Usopp from One Piece.
Non-human
Goggles are available for
horses used in speed sports such as
horse racing.[11] In some traditions of horse mounted
bullfighting, the horse may wear a protective cloth over its eyes.
Goggles have been used on military working dogs, for protection in harsh conditions, such as sandstorms and rotorwash from helicopters.
^US 4528701, Smith, Robert E., "Goggle with a renewable protective surface", published 1985-07-16
^US 4428081, Smith, Robert E., "Goggle with a renewable protective surface", published 1984-01-31
^"Sport Conrad". www.sport-conrad.com/.
Archived from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
^Kaddoura, Zeid (December 28, 2022).
"Best Squash Goggles". The Racket Life.
Archived from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
^Meeker, Miranda; Kehl, LeAnna (2020). "Substance use: Are specialized goggles effective at preventing impaired driving". Skeptical Inquirer. 44 (3): 56.
^Jewell, J; Hupp, S.D. (2005). "Examining the effects of fatal vision goggles on changing attitudes and behaviors related to drinking and driving". Journal of Primary Prevention. 26 (6): 553–565.
doi:
10.1007/s10935-005-0013-9.
PMID16228116.
S2CID19762828.
^Landers T. A. (2006) Professional Care of the Racehorse, Revised Edition: A Guide to Grooming, Feeding, and Handling the Equine Athlete. Blood Horse Publications. 308 pages. Page 138.