Location of Gliese 1 in the constellation
Sculptor
Gliese 1 is a
red dwarf in the
constellationSculptor, which is found in the southern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the
closest stars to the
Sun, at a distance of 14.2
light years. Because of its proximity to the Earth it is a frequent object of study and much is known about its physical properties and composition. However, with an
apparent magnitude of about 8.6 it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
The
stellar classification of this star has been rated from M1.5V to M4.0V by various sources.[15] Gliese 1 is estimated to have 33% of the Sun's
mass and 33% of the Sun's
radius.[9]
This star is suspected of being a
BY Draconis-typevariable star with the provisional variable star designation NSV 15017.[5] It is also suspected of being a
flare star.[16] Like other
flare stars, it emits X-rays.[17] The temperatures of the layers of the atmosphere of this star have been measured.[18]
This star has been examined for an orbiting companion using speckle interferometry in the near
infrared part of the spectrum. However, no companion was found to a magnitude limit of 10.5 at 1
AU from the primary, out to a magnitude limit of 12.5 at 10 AU.[19] Radial velocity measurements have likewise failed to reveal the presence of a companion orbiting this star. This search excludes a planet with a few Earth masses orbiting in the habitable zone, or a Jupiter-mass planet orbiting at a radius of 1
AU or less. The radial velocity shows little or no variability, with a measurement precision of less than 20 m/s.[20]
The
space velocity components of this star are U = +77.2, V = -99.5 and W = −35.6 km/s.[21] It is orbiting through the
Milky Way galaxy with an
orbital eccentricity of 0.45, and a distance from the galactic core that varies from 3,510 to 9,150 parsecs. By comparison, the Sun is currently 8,500 parsecs from the core.[22] Stars with high
peculiar velocities are termed
runaway stars. This star has a high peculiar velocity of 111.3 km/s, and the velocity vector for this star may link it with the
Tucana-Horologium and/or the
AB Doradusstellar associations.[23]
References
^
abcdPerryman, M. A. C.; et al. (1997). "The Hipparcos Catalogue". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 323: L49–L52.
Bibcode:
1997A&A...323L..49P.
^Houk, N.; Swift, C. (1982). "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars". Michigan Spectral Survey. 3.
Bibcode:
1982MSS...C05....0H.
^
abCousins, A. W. J. (1973). "UBV Photometry of Some Southern Stars (Third List)". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa. 32 (2): 43–48.
Bibcode:
1973MNSSA..32...43C.
^
abcdefghMaldonado, J.; Micela, G.; Baratella, M.; d'Orazi, V.; Affer, L.; Biazzo, K.; Lanza, A. F.; Maggio, A.; González Hernández, J. I.; Perger, M.; Pinamonti, M.; Scandariato, G.; Sozzetti, A.; Locci, D.; Di Maio, C.; Bignamini, A.; Claudi, R.; Molinari, E.; Rebolo, R.; Ribas, I.; Toledo-Padrón, B.; Covino, E.; Desidera, S.; Herrero, E.; Morales, J. C.; Suárez-Mascareño, A.; Pagano, I.; Petralia, A.; Piotto, G.; Poretti, E. (2020). "HADES RV programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XII. The abundance signature of M dwarf stars with planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 644: A68.
arXiv:2010.14867.
Bibcode:
2020A&A...644A..68M.
doi:
10.1051/0004-6361/202039478.
S2CID225094682.
^Suárez Mascareño, A.; et al. (September 2015). "Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (3): 2745–2756.
arXiv:1506.08039.
Bibcode:
2015MNRAS.452.2745S.
doi:
10.1093/mnras/stv1441.
S2CID119181646.
^M1.5: SIMBAD. M3: Gautier, Thomas N., III; et al. (2007). M3: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; et al. (2004). M4: Eggen, Olin J. (1996) M4: Pasinetti-Fracassini, L. E.; et al. (2001).
^Leinert, C.; Henry, T.; Glindemann, A.; McCarthy, D. W. Jr. (September 1997). "A search for companions to nearby southern M dwarfs with near-infrared speckle interferometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 325: 159–166.
Bibcode:
1997A&A...325..159L.
^Allen, Christine; Santillan, Alfredo (October 1991). "An improved model of the galactic mass distribution for orbit computations". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 22: 255–263.
Bibcode:
1991RMxAA..22..255A.