English architect (1811–1878)
Sir George Gilbert Scott
RA (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), largely known as Sir Gilbert Scott , was a prolific English
Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started his career as a leading designer of
workhouses . Over 800 buildings were designed or altered by him.
[1]
Scott was the architect of many notable buildings, including the
Midland Grand Hotel at
St Pancras Station , the
Albert Memorial , and the
Foreign and Commonwealth Office , all in London,
St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow , the main building of the
University of Glasgow ,
St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh and
King's College Chapel, London .
Life and career
Born in
Gawcott ,
Buckingham , Buckinghamshire, Scott was the son of the Reverend Thomas Scott (1780–1835) and grandson of the biblical commentator
Thomas Scott . He studied architecture as a pupil of
James Edmeston and, from 1832 to 1834, worked as an assistant to
Henry Roberts . He also worked as an assistant for his friend,
Sampson Kempthorne , who specialised in the design of workhouses,
[2] a field in which Scott was to begin his independent career.
[3]
Early work
Parish Church of St John in
Wall, Staffordshire
Scott's first work was built in 1833; it was a vicarage for his father in the village of
Wappenham , Northamptonshire. It replaced the previous vicarage occupied by other relatives of Scott. Scott went on to design several other buildings in the village.
[4]
In about 1835, Scott took on
William Bonython Moffatt as his assistant and later (1838–1845) as his partner. Over ten years or so, Scott and Moffatt designed more than forty
workhouses in the wake of the
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 .
[5] Their first churches were St Mary Magdalene at
Flaunden , Bucks (1838, for Samuel King, Scott's uncle);
[6]
[7] St Nicholas, Newport,
Lincoln (1839);
[8]
[9] St John,
Wall, Staffordshire (1839);
[10] and the
Neo-Norman church of St Peter at
Norbiton , Surrey (1841).
[11] They built
Reading Gaol (1841–42) in a picturesque, castellated style.
[12]
Gothic Revival
Nikolaikirche, Hamburg ,
Germany (1845–80), bombed during
World War II and now a ruin
Meanwhile, he was inspired by
Augustus Pugin to participate in the
Gothic Revival .
[3] While still in partnership with Moffat.
[13] he designed the
Martyrs' Memorial on
St Giles', Oxford (1841),
[14] and
St Giles' Church, Camberwell (1844), both of which helped establish his reputation within the movement.
Commemorating three Protestants burnt during the reign of
Queen Mary , the Martyrs' Memorial was intended as a rebuke to those very
high church tendencies which had been instrumental in promoting the new authentic approach to Gothic architecture.
[15] St Giles' was in plan, with its long chancel, of the type advocated by the
Ecclesiological Society :
Charles Locke Eastlake said that "in the neighbourhood of London no church of its time was considered in purer style or more orthodox in its arrangement".
[16] It did, however, like many churches of the time, incorporate wooden galleries, not used in medieval churches
[17] and highly disapproved of by the high church ecclesiological movement.
In 1844 he received the commission to rebuild the
Nikolaikirche in Hamburg (completed 1863), following an international competition.
[18] Scott's design had originally been placed third in the competition, the winner being one in a Florentine inspired style by
Gottfried Semper , but the decision was overturned by a faction who favoured a Gothic design.
[19] Scott's entry had been the only design in the Gothic style.
[3]
In 1854 he remodelled the Camden Chapel in
Camberwell , a project in which the critic
John Ruskin took a close interest and made many suggestions. He added an apse, in a Byzantine style, integrating it to the existing plain structure by substituting a
waggon roof for the existing flat ceiling.
[20]
Scott was appointed
architect to Westminster Abbey in 1849, and in 1853 he built a Gothic terraced block adjoining the abbey in Broad Sanctuary. In 1858 he designed
ChristChurch Cathedral , Christchurch, New Zealand which now lies partly ruined following the
earthquake in 2011 and subsequent attempts by the Anglican Church authorities to demolish it. Demolition was blocked after appeals by the people of Christchurch, and in September 2017 the Christchurch
Diocesan Synod announced that the cathedral would be reinstated.
[21]
The choir stalls at
Lancing College in Sussex, which Scott designed with
Walter Tower , were among many examples of his work that incorporated
green men .
[22]
Later, Scott went beyond copying mediaeval English gothic for his Victorian Gothic or Gothic Revival buildings, and began to introduce features from other styles and European countries as evidenced in his Midland red-brick construction, the Midland Grand Hotel at London's St Pancras Station, from which approach Scott believed a new style might emerge.[
citation needed ]
Tomb of Catherine Parr, designed by Gilbert Scott
In 1863, after restoration of the chapel at
Sudeley Castle , the remains of
Catherine Parr were placed in a new neo-Gothic canopied tomb designed by Gilbert Scott
[23] and created by sculptor
John Birnie Philip .
[24]
[25]
Between 1864 and 1876, the
Albert Memorial , designed by Scott, was constructed in
Hyde Park . It was a commission on behalf of
Queen Victoria in memory of her husband,
Prince Albert .
Scott advocated the use of Gothic architecture for secular buildings, rejecting what he called "the absurd supposition that Gothic architecture is exclusively and intrinsically ecclesiastical."
[17] He was the winner of a competition to design new buildings in
Whitehall to house the Foreign Office and War Office. Before work began, however, the administration which had approved his plans went out of office. Palmerston, the new Prime Minister, objected to Scott's use of the Gothic, and the architect – after some resistance – drew up new plans in a more acceptable style.
[26]
Scott designed the memorial to
Thomas Clarkson in
Wisbech , where his brother Rev John Scott was vicar. The
Clarkson Memorial was completed after his death under the direction of his son John in 1881.
[27]
Honours
Commemorative window in the
Chapter House of
Westminster Abbey , London
Scott was awarded the
RIBA 's
Royal Gold Medal in 1859. He was appointed an Honorary Liveryman of the
Turners' Company ; and on 9 August 1872 he was
knighted , choosing the style Sir Gilbert Scott.
[28]
[29] He died in 1878 and is buried in
Westminster Abbey .
A
London County Council "
blue plaque " (in fact brown) was placed in 1910 to mark Scott's residence at the
Admiral's House on Admiral's Walk in
Hampstead .
[30]
[31]
Family
Scott married Caroline Oldrid of
Boston in 1838. Two of his sons
George Gilbert Scott, Jr. (founder of
Watts & Company in 1874) and
John Oldrid Scott , and his grandson
Giles Gilbert Scott , were also prominent architects.
[32] His third son, photographer, Albert Henry Scott (1844–65) died at the age of twenty-one; George Gilbert designed his funerary monument in
St Peter's Church, Petersham , whilst he was living at The Manor House at Ham in Richmond.
[33] His fifth and youngest son was the botanist
Dukinfield Henry Scott .
[34] He was also great-uncle of the architect
Elisabeth Scott .
[35]
Pupils
Scott's success attracted a large number of pupils and many would go on to have successful careers of their own, not always as architects. Some notable pupils are as follows, their time in Scott's office shown after their name:
Hubert Austin (1868),
Joseph Maltby Bignell (1859–78),
George Frederick Bodley (1845–56),
Charles Buckeridge (1856–57),
Somers Clarke (1865),
William Henry Crossland (dates uncertain),
C. Hodgson Fowler (1856–60),
Thomas Garner (1856–61),
Thomas Graham Jackson (1858–61),
John T. Micklethwaite (1862–69),
Benjamin Mountfort (1841–46),
John Norton (1870–78),
George Gilbert Scott, Jr. (1856–63),
John Oldrid Scott (1858–78),
J. J. Stevenson (1858–60),
George Edmund Street (1844–49), and
William White (1845–47).
Books
Additionally he wrote over forty pamphlets and reports. As well as publishing articles, letters, lectures and reports in
The Builder , The Ecclesiologist , The Building News , The British Architect , The Civil Engineer's and Architect's Journal ,
The Illustrated London News ,
The Times and Transactions of the Royal Institute of British Architects .
Architectural work
Although he is best known for his
Gothic revival churches, Scott felt that the
Midland Grand Hotel at
St Pancras station was his most successful project
Scott designed the
Mumbai University Convocation Hall (1870), working from London, and it is now part of the
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Wanstead Infant Orphan Asylum (1842), now Snaresbrook Crown Court
His projects include:
Public buildings
Workhouse in
Winslow, Buckinghamshire (1835)
Workhouses (1836) in:
Amesbury , Wiltshire;
Buckingham , Buckinghamshire;
Kettering , Northamptonshire;
Northampton , Northamptonshire;
Oundle , Northamptonshire;
Tiverton, Devon ;
Totnes , Devon;
Towcester , Northamptonshire
Workhouse in
Guildford , Surrey (1836–38)
Workhouses (1837) in:
Bideford , Devon;
Boston, Lincolnshire ;
Clutton, Somerset ;
Flax Bourton , Somerset;
Gloucester , Gloucestershire;
Liskeard , Cornwall;
Newton Abbot , Devon;
Hundleby , Lincolnshire;
Tavistock, Devon
The workhouse in
Loughborough , Leicestershire (1837–38)
Workhouses (1838) in:
Amersham , Buckinghamshire;
[36]
Belper , Derbyshire;
Great Dunmow , Essex;
Lichfield , Staffordshire;
Mere, Wiltshire ;
Penzance , Cornwall;
Redruth , Cornwall
Workhouse (1838);
Williton , Somerset
[37] and 'sister design'
Witham , Essex
Workhouses (1839) in:
Billericay , Essex;
Bedworth , Warwickshire;
Edmonton, London ;
Louth, Lincolnshire ;
Newcastle-under-Lyme , Staffordshire;
Old Windsor , Berkshire;
St Austell , Cornwall;
Uttoxeter , Staffordshire
Buckingham Gaol extension and alterations (1839) in:
Buckingham , Buckinghamshire
The workhouse in
Lutterworth , Leicestershire (1839–40)
School and Master's House,
Hartshill ,
Stoke on Trent (1840)
Infant Orphan Asylum ,
Wanstead , Essex (1841–43)
Martyrs' Memorial ,
Oxford (1841–43)
Reading Gaol , Berkshire (1842–44)
Lunatic Asylum,
Shelton, Shropshire (1843)
The workhouse,
Macclesfield , Cheshire (1843)
Lunatic Asylum ,
Clifton, York (1845)
Lunatic Asylum,
Wells, Somerset (1845)
Astbury School and Masters House Congleton (1848)
Christ Church School,
Alsager , Cheshire (1848)
[38]
Brighton College , Sussex (1848–1866)
Sandbach School ,
Sandbach , Cheshire (1849)
School,
Trefnant , Denbighshire (c. 1855)
School,
Tysoe , Warwickshire (1856)
Sandbach Literary Institution (1857)
Literary Institution , Sandbach (1857)
[39]
Crimea War Memorial,
Westminster School , Broad Sanctuary,
Westminster (1858)
School,
Ashley , Northamptonshire (1858)
The Vaughan Library,
Harrow School , Middlesex (1861–63)
Foreign and Commonwealth Office ,
Whitehall , London (1861–1868)
Fitzroy Memorial Library ,
Lewes , East Sussex (1862)
[40]
Preston Town Hall , Lancashire (1862–67), destroyed by fire in 1947
The
University of Glasgow 's main building (1870)
Panoramic view of Brill's swimming bath, Brighton. Lithograph by J. Drayton Wyatt
Brill Swimming Baths,
Brighton (1866–69), demolished 1929
Clifton Hampden Bridge , Oxfordshire (1867)
The library of the Grammar School (now
Hall Cross School ) in
Doncaster (1868)
Market Cross,
Helmsley , Yorkshire (1869)
School
Nocton , Lincolnshire (1869)
Extension to
Radcliffe Infirmary , Oxford (1869–71)
Lincoln's Inn, London, Library extension (1870–72), New Chambers Block A (1873) and New Chambers Block B (1876–78)
The main building of the new campus of the
University of Glasgow (1870), often called the Gilbert Scott Building
Savernake Hospital, Wiltshire (1871–72)
Gatehouse to Ramsgate Cemetery, Kent (1872)
[41]
The University Senate Hall,
Mumbai University (1869–74)
The University Library and
Rajabai Clock Tower , Mumbai University (1869–78)
The
Clarkson Memorial in
Wisbech . Scott first put forward designs in 1875, but work did not start until 1880. The eventual design was a slightly altered version of Scott's original design.
Domestic buildings
Vicarage,
Wappenham , Northamptonshire (1833)
16 High Street,
Chesham , Buckinghamshire (1835)
Vicarage,
Dinton , Buckinghamshire (1836)
Rectory,
Weston Turville , Buckinghamshire (1838)
Parsonage,
Blakesley , Northamptonshire (1839)
Parsonage, Hartshill,
Stoke on Trent (1840)
Wanstead Infant Orphanage Asylum ,
London Borough of Redbridge (1841)
Seaman's Houses,
Whitby , Yorkshire (1842)
Workers Houses, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent (1842–48)
Parsonage,
Clifton Hampden , Oxfordshire (1843–46)
Trotter's almshouses,
Ridge , Hertfordshire (1844) (with
W.B. Moffatt )
[42]
[43]
Parsonage, Barnet,
Hertford (1845)
Parsonage, St Mark's,
Swindon (c. 1846)
Parsonage,
Wembley , Middlesex (1846)
Parsonage,
Weeton , North Yorkshire (c. 1852)
Houses Broad Sanctuary,
Westminster (1852–54)
Parsonage,
St Paul's, Cambridge (1853–54), now
Cambridge Muslim College
[44]
Parsonage, St Mary's,
Stoke Newington , London (c. 1855)
All Souls' Vicarage,
Halifax , Yorkshire (c. 1856)
Cottages,
Ilam, Staffordshire (c. 1857)
Almshouses, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent (1857)
Lanhydrock House , near
Bodmin , Cornwall (1857) an Elizabethan mansion rebuilt after a fire, formal gardens assisted by
Richard Coad
Parsonage,
Kilkhampton , Cornwall (c. 1858)
The Vicarage,
Leafield , Oxfordshire (1858)
[45]
Walton Hall, Warwickshire (1858)
Treverbyn Vean ,
St Neot , Cornwall (1858–62)
Parsonage,
Ashley , Northamptonshire (1858)
Claydon House, Buckinghamshire (1859)
Parsonage,
Bridge , Kent (c. 1859)
Vicarage,
Ranmore Common , Surrey (c. 1859)
Kelham Hall , Nottinghamshire (1859–62)
Workers' housing at
Akroydon , Halifax (1859)
Almshouses, Sandbach (1860)
[46]
Parsonage ,
Trefnant , Denbighshire (1860)
Lee Priory,
Littlebourne , Kent, alterations and additions (1860–63) demolished
Rectory,
Higham, Forest Heath , Suffolk (c. 1861)
Kingston Grange,
Kingston St Mary , Somerset for Mr Perkins (c. 1861)
Parsonage, St Andrew's,
Leicester (c. 1861)
Hartland Abbey (c.1851) supervised by Richard Coad, built by Pulsman of
Barnstaple
Hafodunos ,
Llangernyw , North Wales (1861–1866)
Vicarage, Jarrom Street, Leicester (1862)
[47]
Nos 1,3 & 3a
Dean's Yard , Westminster (1862)
Parsonage,
Leith , Midlothian (1862)
Brownsover Hall , Warwickshire, date uncertain (c. 1860)
Two lodge houses at
Great Barr Hall , near
Birmingham (pre-1863)
The Master's House,
St John's College, Cambridge (1863)
Parsonage, Christ Church,
Ottershaw , Surrey (c. 1864)
Stony House, former Vicarage of St Mary the Virgin Church, London Road,
Stony Stratford (1865)
Parsonage, St Luke's,
Weaste , Lancashire (c. 1865)
Schools Master's House, Ashley, Northamptonshire (1865)
Almshouses,
Winchcombe , Gloucestershire (1865)
Rectory,
Tydd St Giles , Cambridgeshire (1868)
Vicarage, Higham Green, Suffolk
Parsonage,
Mirfield , Yorkshire (1869)
Polwhele House,
Truro , Cornwall, additions (c. 1870)
Vicarage,
Hillesden , Buckinghamshire (1871)
St Mary's Homes,
Godstone (1872)
Scott's Building,
King's College, Cambridge (1873)
Parsonage, St Michael's,
New Southgate , Middlesex (c. 1874)
Parsonage, St Saviour's,
Leicester (1875)
Parsonage,
Fulney , Lincolnshire (1877–80)
New Court,
Pembroke College, Cambridge (1881)
Garboldisham Hall,
Garboldisham ,
Norfolk (1822)
Church buildings
St John's College Chapel, Cambridge (1866–1869)
St Mark's Church, Ladywood (1840–41) (demolished 1947)
St Giles' Church , Camberwell, London (1841–44)
Christ Church, Bridlington (1840–41)
St Mary's Church ,
Hanwell , Middlesex (1841)
[48]
Holy Trinity, Hulme (1841)
St Peter's Church,
Norbiton , Surrey (1841)
Holy Trinity Church, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent (1842)
St John the Baptist's Church, St John's, Woking, Surrey (1842)
St John the Baptist Church, Beeston , Nottinghamshire (1842)
St Michael and All Angels Church, Wood Green (1843)
St John the Baptist's Church, Leenside, Nottingham (1843–44)
Holy Trinity Church, Halstead , Essex (1843–44)
St John the Evangelist,
West Meon , Hampshire (1843–46)
St Mark's Church, Worsley , Greater Manchester (1844–46)
St John the Evangelist, Wembley, Middlesex (1846)
St Matthias, Malvern Link , Worcestershire (1844–46)
[49]
St Mark's Church, Swindon (1845)
St Matthew’s Church,
Donnington Wood ,
Telford , Shropshire (1845)
St Nikolai, Hamburg (1845–80), the tallest building in the world from 1874 to 1876
Memorial Chapel,
Bromsgrove School
The Cathedral of St John the Baptist in
St John's, Newfoundland (1847, construction overseen by apprentice
William Hay )
St Mary the Virgin,
Aylesbury (1848)
St Gregory's Church, Canterbury (1848)
St Paul's Church, Canterbury (1848)
St Cwyfan, Tudweiliog, Gwynedd (1849)
Christ Church, Swindon , Wiltshire (1851)
[50]
St Peter's Church,
South Croydon (1851)
Emmanuel Church, Forest Gate , London (1852)
St John's Church ,
Eastnor, Herefordshire (1852) and Monument (1855)
[51]
All Saints' Church, Watford, Hertfordshire (1853)
St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, Dundee (1853) (cathedral since 1905)
St Mary's Church, West Derby, Liverpool (1853–6)
All Saints' Church, Sherbourne, Warwick (1854)
[52]
Christ Church, Lee Park, Kent (1854) (bombed 1941, demolished 1944)
St John the Evangelist, Shirley, Surrey (1854)
Holy Trinity Church, Coventry (1854)
St Paul's Church, Chippenham (1854–55)
Chapel of
Exeter College, Oxford (1854–60)
Holy Trinity Church, Trefnant (1855)
St John's Church, Bilton, Harrogate (1855)
St Mary,
Hayes , Kent (alterations) (1856–62)
St Peter,
Bushley , Worcestershire: roof (1856)
[53]
St Mary,
Tedstone Delamere , Herefordshire: chancel (1856–57)
[54]
St George's Minster, Doncaster (1858)
St Mary New Church,
Stoke Newington (1858)
[55]
St Matthias Church, Richmond , London (1858)
All Souls Church, Halifax (1859)
St Thomas's Church, Huddersfield (1859)
St Michael and All Angels Church,
Leafield , Oxfordshire (1859–60)
[56]
St Matthew's Church, Stretton , Cheshire (1859 and 1867)
St Matthew's Church,
Yiewsley ,
Hillingdon (1859)
St Mary,
Edvin Loach , Herefordshire (?1860)
[57]
Christ Church,
Wanstead , Essex (1861)
St Stephen's Church, Higham Green, Suffolk (1861)
St John the Evangelist, Sandbach Heath (1861)
[58]
All Saints' Church,
Hawkhurst , Kent (1861)
St Andrews, Jarrom Street, Leicester (1862)
[59]
[60]
[61]
The
Hereford Screen (1862),
choir screen from Hereford Cathedral, now restored and in the
Victoria and Albert Museum , London
Chapel of
Wellington College, Berkshire (1861–63)
[62]
All Saints' Church,
Langton Green , Kent (1862–63)
[63]
St Barnabas' Church, Bromborough , Merseyside (1862–64)
St Andrew's Hospital Chapel, Northampton (1863)
St John the Evangelist, Taunton (1863)
St Clement's Church,
Barnsbury (1864–65)
[64] (closed 1976 and converted into flats)
[65]
St Andrew's Church, Derby (1864–67)
[66]
St Andrew's Church,
Uxbridge (1865)
St John the Baptist, Penshurst (1865)
St Luke's Church, Pendleton (1865)
[67]
St Stephen & St Mark, Lewisham (1865)
[68]
St Mary's Church,
Shackleford , Surrey (1865)
St Edmund's Church, Salisbury : restoration including rebuilding of chancel (1865–67)
[69] (now an arts centre)
St Denys Church, Southampton (1868)
St Stephen's Church, Higham Green, Suffolk (1868)
St James' Church,
Cradley, Herefordshire Chancel (1868)
[70]
Holy Trinity Church, Shanghai (1866–69)
St Peter's Church, Edensor , Derbyshire (1867–70)
St Mary's Church ,
Mirfield (1869–1871)
Ramsgate Cemetery Chapel, Kent (1869)
[71]
All Saints' church,
Ryde , Isle of Wight (1872)
St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Chester (1872)
[72]
St Peter and St Paul, Priory Church
Leominster , Herefordshire Quatrefoil piers (1872–79)
[73]
The Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin, Glasgow (1873)
[74]
St Thomas,
Green Hammerton , N. Yorkshire, 1874-6
[75]
Christ Church, Bradford-on-Avon (additions) (1875)
St Saviour's Church, Leicester (1875–77)
All Souls, Blackman Lane ,
Leeds (1879) – his last work, a large lancet-style church
St Mary The Virgin,
Speldhurst , Kent (1879)
St Michael and St George Cathedral ,
Grahamstown (tower and spire completed in 1879)
St Paul's Church,
Low Fulney ,
Spalding, Lincolnshire (completed 1880)
[76]
St Michael,
Stourport-on-Severn , Worcestershire: designed (1875), started (1881) by son
John Oldrid Scott , never finished and partly demolished
[77]
ChristChurch Cathedral , Christchurch, New Zealand
The chapel of
St John's College, Cambridge is characteristic of Scott's many church designs
St John the Baptist Church, Busbridge ,
Godalming , Surrey
St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)
St Mary's Church,
Mirfield , West Yorkshire
St Mary,
Timsbury, Somerset
[78]
St Nicholas's, Newport,
Lincoln, Lincolnshire
St Peter's Church,
Elworth , Cheshire
Christ The Saviour,
Ealing , London
Christ Church,
Ramsgate , Kent
St Lawrence's Church ,
St Lawrence, Isle of Wight (1878)
Restorations
Churches
Scott was involved in major
restorations of medieval church architecture, all across England.
Church of St Peter and St Paul ,
Buckingham ,
Buckinghamshire
[79]
All Saints' Church ,
Hillesden ,
Buckinghamshire (1874–75)
Church of St Mary the Less ,
Cambridge , Cambridgeshire (1856–57)
St John the Baptist Church,
Upton Bishop , Herefordshire (1862)
[80]
St Mary's Church ,
Halton , Cheshire (1852)
St Peter's Church ,
Prestbury , Cheshire (1879–1881)
St Mary's Church ,
Sandbach ,
Cheshire (1847)
[81]
St Cuthbert's Church ,
Darlington ,
County Durham (1864-5)
[82]
Church of St Mary and All Saints ,
Chesterfield ,
Derbyshire (1843)
Church of St John the Baptist,
Danbury ,
Essex (1866–67)
[83]
St Mary Abbots ,
Kensington ,
Greater London (1872)
St Margaret's Church ,
Westminster , Greater London (1877–78)
Church of St John the Baptist,
Aconbury ,
Herefordshire (1863)
[84]
St Leonard's Church,
Yarpole , Herefordshire (1864)
[85]
St Mary's Church,
Bishopsbourne ,
Kent (1871)
St Paul's Church,
Canterbury , Kent (1860s)
St Wulfram's Church ,
Grantham ,
Lincolnshire (1866–75)
All Saints' Church ,
Winterton ,
Lincolnshire (1867)
[86]
Church of St Mary and St Nicholas ,
Spalding , Lincolnshire (1865-7)
All Saints' Church,
East Winch ,
Norfolk
St Margaret's Church ,
King's Lynn , Norfolk (1875)
St Peter's Church ,
Northampton ,
Northamptonshire (1849-1851)
St Andrew's Church,
Spratton , Northamptonshire (1847)
Church of St Mary Magdalene ,
Newark-on-Trent ,
Nottinghamshire (1850s)
St Mary's Church ,
Nottingham , Nottinghamshire (1850s)
Church of St Mary Magdalene,
Duns Tew ,
Oxfordshire (1861–62)
All Saints' Church ,
Oakham ,
Rutland (1857–1858)
Church of St John the Baptist ,
Glastonbury ,
Somerset (1850s)
Church of St Mary,
Orchardleigh , Somerset (1878)
[87]
Church of St Editha ,
Tamworth ,
Staffordshire (1850s)
St Mary's Church ,
Temple Balsall ,
Warwickshire (1849)
Church of St John the Baptist ,
Bromsgrove ,
Worcestershire (1858)
[88]
St Mary's Church ,
Kingston upon Hull ,
East Riding of Yorkshire (1861–63)
Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin ,
Wakefield ,
West Yorkshire (1842)
The West Front of
Lichfield Cathedral
Cathedrals
Additionally, Scott designed the Mason and Dixon monument in
York Minster (1860), prepared plans for the restoration of
Bristol Cathedral in 1859 and
Norwich Cathedral in 1860 neither of which resulted in a commission, and designed a pulpit for
Lincoln Cathedral in 1863.
Abbeys, priories and collegiate churches
St Mary's Church, Stafford , 1842–45
Beverley Minster 1844, 1866–68, 1877
Westminster Abbey , 1848–78
Dorchester Abbey , 1858, 1862, 1874
King's College, Cambridge , 1859–63, 1875
Bath Abbey , 1860–77
Pershore Abbey , 1861–64, 1867
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle , 1863
Chapel of St James the Great,
Lord Leycester Hospital , Warwick, 1863
Great Malvern Priory , c. 1864
Boxgrove Priory , 1864–67
Priory Church, Leominster , 1864–66, 1876–78
Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey , 1865–66
Selby Abbey , 1872–74
Tewkesbury Abbey , 1874–79
Bridlington Priory , 1875–80
Other restoration work
Scott restored the Inner Gateway (also known as the Abbey Gateway) of
Reading Abbey in 1860–61 after its partial collapse.
[89] St Mary's of Charity in
Faversham , which was
restored (and transformed, with an unusual spire and unexpected interior) by Scott in 1874, and
Dundee Parish Church , and designed the chapels of
Exeter College, Oxford ,
St John's College, Cambridge and
King's College, London . He also designed
St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee .
Lichfield Cathedral 's ornate West Front was extensively renovated by Scott from 1855 to 1878. He restored the cathedral to the form he believed it took in the
Middle Ages , working with original materials where possible and creating imitations when the originals were not available. It is recognised[
who? ] as some of his finest work.
In 1854 Gilbert Scott began a restoration of
Sudeley Castle "working on the western side of the inner court in the style of the existing Medieval and Elizabethan buildings" and subsequently began the restoration of St Mary's chapel, with the assistance of John Drayton Wyatt.
[90]
Gallery of architectural work
Workhouse, Louth Lincolnshire (1839)
St Mary's Hanwell, Middlesex (1841)
East end, St Mary's Hanwell, Middlesex (1841)
Martyrs' Memorial, Oxford (1841–43)
St Giles Church, Camberwell (1842–44)
Reading Gaol, Berkshire (1842–44)
St Martin's,
Zeals , Wiltshire (1845–46)
Cathedral of St John, Newfoundland, Canada (1847–1905)
Cathedral of St John, Newfoundland, Canada (1847–1905)
St Peter's Church, Croydon (1849–51)
St Anne's Alderney (
c. 1850 )
St Barnabas's Church, Weeton, North Yorkshire (1852)
St George's Church, Doncaster, Yorkshire (1853–58)
St George's Church, Doncaster, Yorkshire (1853–58)
Lichfield Cathedral, as restored and with fittings by Scott (1855–61) & (1877–81)
All Souls', Haley Hill, Halifax (1856–59)
Interior looking east, All Souls', Haley Hill, Halifax, Yorkshire (1856–59)
Cottages, Ilam, Staffordshire (c.1871)
Chapel door, Exeter College, Oxford (1857–59)
East end, Chapel, Exeter College, Oxford (1857–59)
Kelham Hall, Nottinghamshire (1858–62)
Crimea War Memorial, Westminster School, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster (1858)
Walton Hall, Warwickshire (c.1858–62)
St Mary's, Edwin Loach, Herefordshire (c.1859)
The Chapel, Brighton College (1859)
All Saints, Nocton (1860–63)
SS. Peter and Paul Church, Buckingham, heavily restored (1860–67)
Nave Vault, Bath Abbey (1860–77) (copy of the medieval vault in the chancel)
The Chapel,
King's College London (1861–62)
Christ Church, Southgate, London (1861–62)
Vaughan Library, Harrow School, London (1861–63)
Screen from Hereford Cathedral (1862) now in the
Victoria and Albert Museum
All Saints' Church, Sherbourne, Warwickshire (1862–64)
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London (1862–75)
Grand Staircase, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London (1862–75)
Looking east, St John's College Chapel, Cambridge (1863–69)
Clifton Hampden Bridge, Oxfordshire (1864)
Leeds General Infirmary (1864–70)
St David's Cathedral, Pembrokeshire, showing Scott's west front (1864–76)
Albert Memorial, London (1864–76)
ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch, New Zealand (1864–1904)
St Mary's Church, Norney, Shackleford, Surrey (1865)
Former Albert Institute Dundee (1865–69)
St Luke's church, Salford (1865)
Former Midland Grand Hotel, St Pancras Station (1866–76)
Detail of decoration in the Train Shed, St Pancras Station (1866–76)
Reredos high altar, Worcester Cathedral (1867–68)
University of Glasgow (1867–70), spire added after Scott's death by his son
John Oldrid Scott
Highclere Church, Hampshire (1869–70)
Brownsover Hall, Warwickshire (c.1870)
St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington (1870–72)
Design for Reichstag, Berlin, not executed (1872)
Pulpit, Worcester Cathedral (1873–74)
West front, St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (1874–80)
East front, St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (1874–80)
Grahamstown Cathedral, South Africa (1874–78) & finished (1893)
Clarkson Memorial , Wisbech, (1880–81)
New Court, Pembroke College, Cambridge (1881)
See also
References
^ Cole, 1980, p. 1.
^
"George Gilbert Scott (1811–1878) and William Bonython Moffatt (−1887)" . The Workhouse . 23 April 2007. Archived from
the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2011 .
^
a
b
c Bayley 1983, p. 43
^
"England: Northamptonshire" . GilbertScott.org . Retrieved 20 January 2019 .
^
The Workhouse Encyclopedia . Stroud, Glos: History P. 2014.
ISBN
9780752477190 . Retrieved 20 January 2019 .
^ Historic England.
"Church of St. Mary Magdalene (1100432)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^
"St Mary Magdalene, Flaunden" . gilbertscott.org . 9 August 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^ Historic England.
"Church of St Nicholas (1388727)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^
"St Nicholas's, Newport, Lincoln" . gilbertscott.org . 8 August 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^ Historic England.
"Church of St. John (1294770)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^ Historic England.
"Church of St Peter (1358427)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 23 January 2021 .
^ Hitchcock 1977, p. 146
^ Hitchcock 1977, p. 152
^ Eastlake 1872, p. 219
^ Whiting, R. C. (1993).
Oxford Studies in the History of a University Town Since 1800 . Manchester University Press. p. 56.
ISBN
9780719030574 . The terms of the commission had stipulated that it should be based on the
Eleanor Cross at Waltham
^ Eastlake 1872, p. 220
^
a
b Eastlake 1872, p. 221
^ Hitchcock 1977, p. 153
^ Mallgrave, Harry Francis (2005).
Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673–1968 . Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
9780521793063 .
^ Blanch, William Harnett (1875).
Y parish of Camberwell. A brief account of the parish of Camberwell, its history and antiquities . G.W. Allen.
^
"Media Releases" . Cathedral Conversations . Anglican Diocese of Christchurch.
Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
^ Hayman, Richard (April 2010). "Ballad of the Green Man".
History Today . 60 (4).
^ Tomaini, Thea (2017). The Corpse as Text: Disinterment and Antiquarian Enquiry, 1700-1900 . Gloucestershire: Boydell & Brewer. p. 152.
ISBN
9781782049517 .
^ Murray, John (1872).
A Handbook for Travellers in Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and Herefordshire . Gloucestershire. p. 163. {{
cite book }}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link )
^
"The English queen buried amidst a castle garden" . Royal Centre . 15 January 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021 . a new tomb, carved by John Birnie Philip, and featuring a full length depiction of her. Her crest along with those of her four husbands are on the tomb while on the wall next to it is a plaque commemorating the words found on her coffin.
^ Eastlake 1872, pp. 311– 2
^ "Wisbech and the Slave Emancipator". Thetford & Watton Times and People's Weekly Journal . 12 November 1881. p. 6.
^
"No. 23886" .
The London Gazette . 13 August 1872. p. 3638.
^ Scott, George Gilbert (1879).
Personal and Professional Recollections . London: Sampson Low. p.
328 .
^
"Blue Plaques: Scott, Sir George Gilbert (1811–1878)" . English Heritage. Retrieved 8 March 2022 .
^
"Sir George Gilbert Scott" . Flickr . 20 May 2010.
^ Allinson, Kenneth (24 September 2008).
Architects and Architecture of London . Routledge. p. 164.
ISBN
9781136429644 .
^
Historic England .
"Tomb of Albert Henry Scott in the Churchyard of St Peter's Church (1380183)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 22 January 2016 .
^
Arber, Agnes ; Goldbloom, Alexander. "Scott, Dukinfield Henry".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/35984 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
^
Stamp, Gavin (2004). "Scott, Elisabeth Whitworth (1898–1972), architect".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/24869 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
^
"A view of Amersham Infirmary (Formerly the workhouse), Whielden Street, Amersham, Buckinghamshire. Designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt, erected 1838. - YOONIQ Images - Stock photos, Illustrations & Video footage" . Archived from
the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015 .
^ Higginbotham, Peter.
"The Workhouse in Williton, Somerset" . www.workhouses.org.uk . Retrieved 3 February 2018 .
^ Sutton, James C, ed. (1999). Alsager the Place and its People . Alsager: Alsager History Research Group. p. not cited.
ISBN
0-9536363-0-5 .
^ John Parsons Earwaker, "The History of the Ancient Parish of Sandbach", 1890, (
p. 86 )
^
Historic England .
"Fitzroy Memorial Library, High Street, Lewes (Grade II) (1043859)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 17 March 2023 .
^
"Gate House to Cemetery About 50 Metres South of Cemetery Chapel, with Side Walls, Ramsgate" . www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk . Retrieved 21 February 2014 .
^
"Orchard Mead, Ridge - 1103540 | Historic England" . historicengland.org.uk . Retrieved 16 July 2023 .
^
"Geograph:: Former almshouses, Ridge, Hertfordshire © Jim Osley cc-by-sa/2.0" . www.geograph.org.uk . Retrieved 16 July 2023 .
^ Bradley, Simon; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2014). The Buildings of England: Cambridgeshire . Yale University Press. p. 296.
ISBN
978-0-300-20596-1 .
^
Historic England .
"The Vicarage (1053456)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 17 April 2022 .
^ "
Sandbach Almshouses Foundation Plaque ", Wikipedia Commons
^
"Vicarage, Jarrom Street" . Flickr . 10 October 2005.
^ Reynolds, Susan, ed. (1962).
A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington .
Victoria County History . pp. 230–33. Retrieved 21 July 2007 .
^ Bridges, Tim (2005). Churches of Worcestershire (2nd ed.). Logaston Press. p. 157.
ISBN
1-904396-39-9 .
^ Historic England.
"Christ Church, Cricklade Street, Swindon (1283770)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 30 March 2023 .
^ Pevsner, 1963, pp. 122–123
^
"Sherbourne Park -" . sherbournepark.com .
^ Pevsner, 1968, p. 113
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 299
^ Weinreb, Ben;
Hibbert, Christopher (1992).
The London Encyclopaedia (reprint ed.).
Macmillan . p. 610.
^ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, p. 682
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 126
^ John Parsons Earwaker, "The History of the Ancient Parish of Sandbach", 1890, (
p. 87 )
^
"Leicester St Andrew - Learn - FamilySearch.org" . familysearch.org .
^
"Error" . leicester.gov.uk .
^
"A Church on Jarrom Street: St Andrew's, Leicester" . www.kairos-press.co.uk . Retrieved 3 February 2018 .
^
Historic England .
"Chapel At Wellington College With Porch Colonnade And Gateway Adjoining West End (1390357)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 24 April 2017 .
^
Historic England .
"Details from listed building database (1240546)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 23 March 2012 .
^ Historic England.
"Former Church of St Clement, Barnsbury (1298052)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 20 December 2021 .
^ Willats, Eric A. (1987).
Streets with a story : the book of Islington . [London]: [Islington Local History Education Trust].
ISBN
0-9511871-0-4 .
OCLC
18221322 .
^
"St Andrew's Church, London Road, Litchurch" . Derby Mercury . England. 30 March 1864. Retrieved 4 June 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
^
Historic England .
"Details from listed building database (1386145)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 September 2014 .
^
"Lewisham, St Stephen with St Mark – East Lewisham Deanery – The Diocese of Southwark" . anglican.org . Archived from
the original on 13 May 2014.
^ Historic England.
"Former church of St Edmund (1355852)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 9 April 2023 .
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 106
^ Historic England.
"Cemetery Chapels, Ramsgate (1348349)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 20 December 2021 .
^ A short history of our church building by Ian Thomas (Parish Magazine September 2010)
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 226
^
"St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral Glasgow" . Glasgow Architecture . 22 October 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2012 .
^ Pevsner, N et al.: The Buildings of England: Yorkshire: The West Riding, rev.ed. 1967, p.226
^
Historic England .
"CHURCH OF ST PAUL INCLUDING ATTACHED FORMER SUNDAY SCHOOLROOM (Grade I) (1306702)" .
National Heritage List for England .
^ Pevsner, 1968, p. 271
^
Historic England .
"Church of St. Mary the Virgin (1129594)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 September 2007 .
^ Clarke, John (1984). The Book of Buckingham . Buckingham: Barracuda Books. p. 145.
ISBN
0-86023-072-4 .
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 304
^ Earwaker, J. P. (1890). "The History of the Ancient Parish of Sandbach".
https://archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/28/mode/2up/search/Gilbert+Scott p. 28.
^
"The Restoration of St Cuthbert's Church, Darlington" . Newcastle Journal . England. 15 December 1865. Retrieved 30 December 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
^ Kerwin, M. S. and Griffin, G. Parish Church of St John the Baptist, Danbury . pp.33-4.
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 63
^ Pevsner, 1963, p. 327
^
Church of All Saints, Winterton ,
Historic England , retrieved 13 August 2018
^
Historic England .
"Church of St. Mary, causeway bridge, and gates (1058142)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 20 November 2007 .
^ Pevsner, 1968, p. 109
^ Tyack, Bradley and Pevsner, Geoffrey, Simon and Nikolaus (2010). The Buildings of England: Berkshire . New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 443.
ISBN
978-0-300-12662-4 . {{
cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^
"Sudeley Castle and St Mary's Chapel, Sudeley" . Gilbert Scott . 20 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2021 . Directory of British Architects 1834-1914, 2 volumes (Continium, London, 2001), vol. II, p. 1075.
Sources
Bayley, Stephen (1983). The Albert Memorial (paperback ed.). London: Scolar Press.
Cherry, Bridget;
Pevsner, Nikolaus (1983). London 2: South .
The Buildings of England .
Penguin Books .
ISBN
978-0-300-09651-4 .
Cole, David (1980). The Work of Gilbert Scott . London: Architectural Press.
ISBN
0-85139-723-9 .
Eastlake, Charles Locke (1872).
A History of the Gothic Revival . London: Longmans, Green & Co.
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell (1977). Architecture:Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries . The Pelican History of Art. Harmonsworth: Penguin Books.
Pevsner, Nikolaus (1963). Herefordshire .
The Buildings of England . Harmondsworth:
Penguin Books .
ISBN
0-14-071025-6 .
Pevsner, Nikolaus (1968). Worcestershire .
The Buildings of England . Harmondsworth:
Penguin Books .
Sherwood, Jennifer;
Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire .
The Buildings of England . Harmondsworth:
Penguin Books .
ISBN
0-14-071045-0 .
External links
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