| Geophilomorpha | |
|---|---|
| |
| A western yellow centipede (Haplophilus subterraneanus) | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Subclass: | Pleurostigmomorpha |
| Order: | Geophilomorpha |
| Suborders | |
The Geophilomorpha, commonly known as soil centipedes, [1] are epimorphic [2] and bear upwards of 27 leg-bearing segments. They are eyeless and blind, and bear spiracles on all leg-bearing segments—in contrast to other groups, which usually bear them only on their 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th, 12th, and 14th segments—a "mid-body break", accompanied by a change in tagmatic shape, occurring roughly at the interchange from odd to even segments. This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. [3] Centipedes in this order each have an odd number of leg-bearing segments ranging from 27 (in the genus Schendylops) [4] to 191 (in the species Gonibregmatus plurimipes). [2] They also have 14–segmented antennae. This order is a monophyletic group including two suborders: the monophyletic Placodesmata, which contains Mecistocephalidae, and Adesmata, which includes the superfamilies Himantarioidea ( Oryidae, Himantariidae, and Schendylidae, including Ballophilidae) and Geophiloidea ( Zelanophilidae, Gonibregmatidae including Eriphantidae and Neogeophilidae, and Geophilidae including Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, Chilenophilinae, [5] and Macronicophilidae). [6] Segment number is usually fixed by species in the family Mecistocephalidae, unlike the case in other families in this order, in which the segment number usually varies within each species. [7] The name "Geophilomorpha" is from Ancient Greek roots meaning "formed to love the earth." [8]
References
- ^ "Soil Centipedes (Order Geophilomorpha)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ a b Fusco, Giuseppe (2005). "Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods". Evolution & Development. 7 (6): 608–617. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. ISSN 1525-142X. PMID 16336414. S2CID 21401688.
- ^ "ITIS - Report: Geophilomorpha". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ Pereira, Luis Alberto (2012). "Discovery of a second Geophilomorph species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) having twenty-seven leg-bearing segments, the lowest number recorded up to the present in the centipede order geophilomorpha". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 53 (13): 163‑185. doi: 10.1590/S0031-10492013001300001. hdl: 11336/3449.
- ^ Crabill, Ralph Edwin (1954). "A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 56: 172–188. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ Bonato, Lucio (2014). "Phylogeny of Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) inferred from new morphological and molecular evidence". Cladistics. 30 (5): 485–507. doi: 10.1111/cla.12060. PMID 34794246. S2CID 86204188.
- ^ Minelli, Alessandro (2020). "Arthropod segments and segmentation – lessons from myriapods, and open questions" (PDF). Opuscula Zoologica. 51(S2): 7–21. doi: 10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.7. S2CID 226561862.
- ^ Scarborough, John (February 19, 1992). Medical and Biological Terminologies: Classical Origins. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806130293 – via Google Books.