Garden Cities of To-morrow is a book by the British urban planner
Ebenezer Howard. When it was published in 1898, the book was titled To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. In 1902, it was reprinted as Garden Cities of To-Morrow. The book gave rise to the
garden city movement and is very important in the field of urban design.[1][2]
Background
This book offered a vision of towns free of
slums and enjoying the benefits of both town (such as opportunity, amusement ,and high wages) and country (such as beauty, fresh air and low
rents). Howard illustrated the idea with his "Three Magnets" diagram.[3] His ideas were conceived for the context of a
capitalisteconomic system and sought to balance
individual and
community needs.[4]
Two English towns were built as garden cities,
Letchworth and
Welwyn. Though they did not completely measure up to the
ideal, they provided a model for controlling
urban sprawl.[1]
Diagrams from the 1898 edition
Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
Diagram No.1: The Three Magnets (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.2 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.3 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.4 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.5 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.6 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagram No.7 (Ebenezer Howard, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform.)
Diagrams from the 1902 edition
Howard's "Three Magnets" diagram which addressed the question "Where will the people go?", the choices being "Town", "Country" or "Town-Country."
Diagrams from the 1922 edition
Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.
Diagram No.1 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
Diagram No.2 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
Diagram No.3 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)
Diagram No.4 (Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow.)