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Bengali Hindu trading caste
Gandhabanik is a
Bengali Hindu trading caste, who as the caste name suggests, traditionally used to trade in perfumes, cosmetics, spices etc.
[1]
[2] They were also engaged in agriculture.
[3]
[4] As of late nineteenth century they were one of the fourteen castes belonging to Nabasakh group.
[5]
It is believed that the legendary sea merchant
Chand Sadagar of ancient
Champaknagar was from Gandhabanik community.
[6]
[7]
Varna Status
Gandhabaniks have generally been considered as 'middle class shudras' in the caste structure of Bengal.
[8]
[6]
[9]
References
^
The Eastern Anthropologist . Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. 1963. pp. 66, 68.
^
Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress . 1973. p. 589.
^ Bhowmick, P. K. (1969).
Occupational Mobility and Caste Structure in Bengal: Study of Rural Market . Indian Publications.
^ Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998).
India's Communities . Oxford University Press. p. 946.
ISBN
978-0-19-563354-2 .
^ Sanyal, Hitesranjan (1981).
Social Mobility in Bengal . Papyrus. p. 115.
^
a
b Sengupta, Saswati (2020-11-30).
Mutating Goddesses: Bengal's Laukika Hinduism and Gender Rights . Oxford University Press. p. 104.
ISBN
978-0-19-099325-2 .
^ Bhaumik, Sudarshana (2022).
The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas C. 1700-1931 . Routledge, Taylor & Francis. p. 241.
ISBN
978-1-003-14618-6 .
^ Mitra, A. (1953). The Tribes and Castes of West Bengal (Report). Census 1951. Land and Land Revenue Department, Government of West Bengal. p. 21.
^ Sarma, Jyotirmoyee (1980).
Caste Dynamics Among the Bengali Hindus . Firma KLM. p. 184.
ISBN
978-0-8364-0633-7 .
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