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Gallium(III) sulfate
Names
Other names
Identifiers
ChemSpider
EC Number
InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+3;;;/p-6
Key: UXLRWZBQRAWBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-H
(octadecahydrate): InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S.18H2O/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4);18*1H2/q2*+3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/p-6
Key: RBIKSELZKJNPFC-UHFFFAOYSA-H
(anhydrous): [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]
(monohydrate): O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]
(octadecahydrate): O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]
Properties
Ga2 (SO4 )3
Molar mass
445.7 g/mol
Appearance
White solid
[1]
Density
3.86 g/cm3
[2]
Melting point
680 °C (1,256 °F; 953 K)
[1] (decomposes)
Slightly soluble
[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling :
Warning
H315 ,
H319 ,
H335
P302+P352 ,
P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Aluminium sulfate ,
Indium(III) sulfate ,
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Chemical compound
Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the
chemical compound , a salt, with the formula Ga2 (SO4 )3 , or its
hydrates Ga2 (SO4 )3 ·xH2 O.
Gallium metal dissolves in
sulfuric acid to form solutions containing [Ga(OH2 )6 3+ and SO4 2− ions. The octadecahydrate Ga2 (SO4 )3 ·18H2 O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature. This hydrate
loses water in stages when heated, forming the
anhydrate Ga2 (SO4 )3 above 150 °C
[3] and completely above 310 °C.
[1] Anhydrous Ga2 (SO4 )3 is
isostructural with
iron(III) sulfate , crystallizing in the
rhombohedral
space group R3 .
[4]
Preparation
Gallium(III) sulfate is prepared from the reaction of hydroxygallium diacetate and
sulfuric acid . The two reactants were mixed at 90 °C and left for 2 days which produced the octadecahydrate. Then, it was dried in a vacuum for 2 hours which created the extremely hygroscopic anhydrous form. The overall reaction is below:
2 Ga(CH3 COO)2 OH + 3 H2 SO4 → Ga2 (SO4 )3 + 4 CH3 COOH + 2 H2 O
After the production, it was confirmed to be the simple salt, Ga2 (SO4 )3 , by
x-ray diffraction .
[1]
Properties
When heated over 680 °C, gallium sulfate gives off
sulfur trioxide , yielding
gallium(III) oxide .
[1]
A gallium sulfate solution in water mixed with zinc sulfate can precipitate ZnGa2 O4 .
[5]
Derivatives
Basic gallium sulfate is known with the formula (H3 O)Ga3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 .
[6]
Double gallium sulfates are known with composition NaGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 , KGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 , RbGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 , NH4 Ga3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6 . These compounds are isostructural with
jarosite and
alunite .
Jarosite and
alunite can contain a small amount of gallium substituted for iron or aluminium.
[6] Organic base double gallium sulfates can contain different core structures, these can be chains of [Ga(SO4 )3 3- , [Ga(OH)(SO4 )2 2- or [Ga(H2 O)2 (SO4 )2 − or sheets of [Ga(H2 O)2 (SO4 )2 − units.
[7]
formula
mw
crystal system
space group
unit cell Å
volume
density
properties
reference
(H3 O)Ga3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6
R 3 m
a=7.18 c=17.17 z=1.5
766
[8]
Ga4 (OH)10 SO4
[9]
NH4 Ga3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6
[7]
trisodium gallium sulfate
Na3 Ga(SO4 )3
tetragonal
a = 9.451 c = 7.097
[10]
NaGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6
[7]
KGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6
[7]
RbGa3 (SO4 )2 (OH)6
[7]
Caesium gallium sulfate dodecahydrate
CsGa(SO4 )2 •12H2 O
cubic
Pa 3
Z=4
2.127
refractive index=1.461
[11]
dimethylammonium gallium sulfate hexahydrate
(CH3 )2 NH2 Ga(SO4 )2 ·6H2 O
ferroeelastic
[12]
[13]
guanidinium gallium sulfate
[C(NH2 )3 ]Ga(SO4 )2 ·6H2 O
hexagonal
P 31m
a=11.82 c=9.13
ferroelectric
[14]
Ethylenediammonium acid gallium sulfate
[C2 H10 N2 ][H3 O][Ga(SO4 )3 ]
[7]
Ethylenediammonium basic gallium sulfate
[C2 H10 N2 ][Ga(OH)(SO4 )2 ]·H2 O
[7]
Tetramethylenediammonium gallium sulfate
[C4 H14 N2 ][Ga(H2 O)2 (SO4 )2 2
[7]
Hexamethylenediammonium gallium sulfate
[C6 H18 N2 ][Ga(H2 O)2 (SO4 )2 2
[7]
References
^
a
b
c
d
e V.Yu. Proydakova; S.V. Kuznetsov; V.V. Voronov; P.P. Fedorov (2017).
"СИНТЕЗ СУЛЬФАТА ГАЛЛИЯ" [SYNTHESIS OF GALLIUM SULFATE]. Fine Chemical Technologies (in Russian). 12 (3): 52–57.
doi :
10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-3-52-57 .
^
a
b
"Gallium(III) sulfate hydrate" . Alfa Aesar . Retrieved 11 May 2021 .
^ A. J. Downs, ed. (2012). Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium . Springer. p. 153.
ISBN
9789401049603 .
^ Krause, M.; Gruehn, R. (1995). "Contributions on the thermal behaviour of sulphates XVII.1 Single crystal structure refinements of In2 (SO4 )3 and Ga2 (SO4 )3 ".
Z. Kristallogr. 210 (6): 427–431.
Bibcode :
1995ZK....210..427K .
doi :
10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.427 .
^ Hirano, Masanori; Okumura, Shiro; Hasegawa, Yasunori; Inagaki, Michio (October 2002).
"Direct Precipitation of Spinel-Type Zn(Fe, Ga)2O4 Solid Solutions from Aqueous Solutions at 90°C: Influence of Iron Valence of Starting Salt on Their Crystallite Growth" . Journal of Solid State Chemistry . 168 (1): 5–10.
Bibcode :
2002JSSCh.168....5H .
doi :
10.1006/jssc.2002.9662 .
^
a
b Rudolph, Wolfram W.; Schmidt, Peer (July 2011). "Studies on synthetic galloalunites AGa3(SO4)2(OH)6: Synthesis, thermal analysis, and X-ray characterization". Thermochimica Acta . 521 (1–2): 112–120.
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.881.3389 .
doi :
10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.013 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i Kaufman, Elizabeth A.; Zeller, Matthias; Norquist, Alexander J. (2010-10-06).
"A Slow Leak Synthetic Route to Organically Templated Gallium Sulfates" . Crystal Growth & Design . 10 (10): 4656–4661.
doi :
10.1021/cg1009412 .
ISSN
1528-7483 .
^ Kydon, D. W.; Pintar, M.; Petch, H. E. (1968-06-15).
"NMR Evidence of H 3 O + Ions in Gallium Sulfate" . The Journal of Chemical Physics . 48 (12): 5348–5351.
Bibcode :
1968JChPh..48.5348K .
doi :
10.1063/1.1668226 .
ISSN
0021-9606 .
^ Kang, Bong Kyun; Lim, Hyeong Dae; Mang, Sung Ryul; Song, Keun Man; Jung, Mong Kwon; Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Dae Ho (2015-01-20).
"Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed β-Ga 2 O 3 Nanospheres via Morphology Controlled Ga 4 (OH) 10 SO 4 Precursors" . Langmuir . 31 (2): 833–838.
doi :
10.1021/la504209f .
ISSN
0743-7463 .
PMID
25539482 .
^ Fedorov, P. P.; Proidakova, V. Yu.; Kuznetsov, S. V.; Voronov, V. V. (November 2017).
"Phase equilibria in systems of gallium sulfate with lithium or sodium sulfate" . Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry . 62 (11): 1508–1513.
doi :
10.1134/S0036023617110067 .
ISSN
0036-0236 .
S2CID
103985885 .
^ Howard E. Swanson, Nancy T. Gilfrich, Marlene I. Cook, Roger Stinchfield, and Paul C. Parks (1 April 1959).
"Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns" (PDF) . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Yasuda, Naohiko; Kaneda, Akio; Czapla, Zbigniew (March 1999).
"Pressure effects in dimethylammonium gallium sulfate (DMAGaS)" . Ferroelectrics . 223 (1): 71–78.
Bibcode :
1999Fer...223...71Y .
doi :
10.1080/00150199908260555 .
ISSN
0015-0193 .
^ Völkel, G; Böttcher, R; Michel, D; Czapla, Z; Banys, J (2005-07-20).
"Dimethylammonium gallium sulfate hexahydrate and dimethylammonium aluminium sulfate hexahydrate—members of a crystal family with exceptional commensurate/incommensurate phase sequences" . Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter . 17 (28): 4511–4529.
Bibcode :
2005JPCM...17.4511V .
doi :
10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/010 .
ISSN
0953-8984 .
S2CID
98806133 .
^ Geller, S.; Booth, D.P. (1959-01-01).
"The crystal structure of guanidinium gallium sulfate hexahydrate, [C(NH2)3]Ga(SO4)2·6H2O" . Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials . 111 (1–6): 117–128.
doi :
10.1524/zkri.1959.111.16.117 .
ISSN
2196-7105 .
S2CID
201840778 .
Compounds containing the
sulfate group (
SO2− 4 )
Gallium(-V) Gallium(I) Gallium(II) Gallium(I,III) Gallium(III)