Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for the entire lower 48. [1] Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests and woodlands. [1]
Forest and woodland classification
- FRES 10 White pine - red pine - jack pine
- FRES 11 Spruce - fir
- FRES 12 Longleaf - slash pine
- FRES 13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
- FRES 14 Oak pine
- FRES 15 Oak - hickory
- FRES 16 Oak - gum - cypress
- FRES 17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
- FRES 18 Maple - beech - birch
- FRES 19 Aspen - birch
- FRES 20 Douglas-fir
- FRES 21 Ponderosa pine
- FRES 22 Western white pine
- FRES 23 Fir - spruce
- FRES 24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
- FRES 25 Larch
- FRES 26 Lodgepole pine
- FRES 27 Redwood
- FRES 28 Western hardwoods
- FRES 29 Sagebrush
- FRES 30 Desert shrub
- FRES 31 Shinnery
- FRES 32 Texas savanna
- FRES 33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
- FRES 34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
- FRES 35 Pinyon - juniper
Grassland classification
- FRES 36 Mountain grasslands
- FRES 37 Mountain meadows
- FRES 38 Plains grasslands
- FRES 39 Prairie
- FRES 40 Desert grasslands
- FRES 41 Wet grasslands
- FRES 42 Annual grasslands
Alpine classification
- FRES 44 Alpine meadows and barren
Notes
- ^ a b Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., OCLC 3359594