Fockea is a genus of succulent scrubs native to
Africa south of the equator. They are members of the
Asclepiadoideae (milkweeds), a
subfamily of the dogbane family
Apocynaceae. Of the six recognized species, only the two most widely distributed extend north of
southern Africa, with F. multiflora reaching as far north as Tanzania and F. angustifolia reaching to southern
Kenya.[1]Fockea are known as water roots,[2] a reference to the bulbous
caudex characteristic of most species, which is also edible in at least some species.
Taxonomy
The genus Fockea Endl. was established in 1838 by the Austrian botanist
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher through illustration[3] and description[4] of a specimen of Fockea capensis collected in
Cape Colony circa 1786 by
Franz Boos and
Georg Scholl and cultivated at
Schönbrunn Garden in Vienna.[1] The genus was named in honor of the German physician and naturalist
Gustav Woldemar Focke, author of the commentary De respiratione vegetabilium (Of the respiration of vegetables).[4] The “Old Lady of Schönbrunn” — the oldest potted succulent in captivity — continued to be cultivated at least through 1988, over 200 years after it was first collected by Boos and Scholl.[5][6] It was believed to be the last surviving member of its species until the South African botanist
Rudolf Marloth collected another specimen of F. capensis near
Prince Albert in 1906.[1][7]
Most Fockea species are relatively small climbers with swollen, mostly subterranean
tubers, whereas Fockea multiflora, a widely distributed but exclusively tropical species, is a massive, tropical
liana without a tuber.[1][8] It is considered a
sister to the other five species. Fockea angustifolia, also widely distributed, is mainly tropical, and sister to the remaining four species, which are
endemic to southern Africa.[1]
Fockea capensis Endl. — A climbing tuberous geophyte found primarily in the subtropical biome; its native range is the southern
Cape Provinces of South Africa.[12]
Fockea comaru (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. - A tuberous geophyte found primarily in the desert or dry shrubland biome, ranging from southern
Namibia to South Africa's Cape Provinces.[13]
Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K.Schum. - A climbing tuberous geophyte found primarily in the subtropical biome, ranging from the southern Cape Provinces to
KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.[14]
Fockea multiflora K.Schum. - A semisucculent
liana growing primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome, ranging from Tanzania to northern Namibia.[15]
Fockea sinuata (E.Mey.) Druce - A climbing tuberous geophyte growing primarily in the desert or dry shrubland biome, ranging from south-central and southern Namibia to the Cape Provinces and
Free State province of South Africa.[16]