Summary

DescriptionGalloglass-circa-1521.jpg	Русский: Рисунок Альбрехта Дюрера с ирландскими наёмниками в Европе.
Date	1521
Source	http://moghroith.blogspot.com/2012/12/in-company-of-kern-flying-enemy.html
Author	Albrecht Dürer  (1471–1528)          Alternative names Albrecht Dürer Description German painter, printmaker, mathematician, illuminator, copper engraver and art theorist Date of birth/death 21 May 1471  6 April 1528  Location of birth/death Nuremberg Nuremberg Work period 1484  –1528  Work location Nuremberg (1484–1490), Basel (1490–1494), Strasbourg (1490–1494), Colmar (1490–1494), Frankfurt (1490–1494), Mainz (1490–1494), Cologne (1490–1494), Nuremberg (21 May 1494–1528), Innsbruck (1494), Venice (1494–1495), 1505–1506), Bologna (1505–1506), Milan (1505–1506), Florence (1505–1506), Rome (1505–1506), Augsburg (1518), Antwerp (1521) Authority file : Q5580 VIAF:  54146999 ISNI:  0000000120961368 ULAN:  500115493 LCCN:  n79118011 NLA:  35051029 WorldCat creator QS:P170,Q5580
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pity the above picture has been cropped see black and white sketch for full size layout but nevertheless

Albrecht durer1521 sketch and painting to be confirmed if they are etching or engraving

Irish kern scot galloglass brave warriors great warrior class pagan warrior cult culan dibergach fiannagecht fian bands finn maccumall fianna diberga faffand dinshenchus

1520s early father walter Talbot see 1878 became chaplain to an irish regiment in the Spanish service which was sent to the low countries where Albrecht durer saw the irish war men and sketched them the irish were probably serving the Hapsburgs

1521 ad durer wrote over the painting also gand dij krigs man in irlandia hindr engeland ---translated = here go the warmen of Ireland or thus go the warmen of Ireland beyond england and also gend dij pawern in irlandyen---here go the poormen of ireland

galloglaigh beat off a heavy cavalry charge by forming a defense axe swinging wall (or possibly claymore sword???tbc) from behind which light cavalry could make short term skirmishes before retreating and regrouping another of their fearsome techniques was to swing their deadly axes in a figure of eight movement while marching and sometimes running at the enemy creating the spectacle of a wall of the ferocious roaring warriors bearing down on you at speed

1539 may 1st law enacted by henry viii all citizens of eire Ireland ordered to have english tongue and english language english habite english laws english commandments no person or person of what estate condition or degree they be use or wear any mantles cote or hood made after the irish fashion no person ne person shall be shorn or shaven above the ears or use the wearing of haire upon their heads like unto long lockes called glibbes have or use any hair growing in their upper lippes called or named a crommeal henry viii dyed with saffron yellow surplices not allowed by irish

1575 approx Edmund spenser irish mantle noble pedigree tracing it back to the jews Egyptian greeks and romans Bilbo corinthe phoenie shore the decaie of the roman empire brought it to Ireland on the backs of barbaric gauls and scythians who waged perpetual war spenser dislike of the mantle because the irish are hiding weapons and armour underneath them spenser mantle an armour a deceitful camouflage or a prostitutes portable bed shag rugs with deep fringed purple border glibbes hairstyle spensers their going to battle without armour on their bodies or heads but trusting to the thickness of their glibbs the which they say will sometimes bear off a good stroke mantle child brat cloak mantle we can learn even from our enemies spenser comments on the glibb hairstyle outlaws can cut it off so that they look nothing like themselves or pull it low over their eyes worst of all some english are adopting it

But what blame lay you to the glibb take heed I pray you that you be busie therewith for fear of your blame feeing our Englishmen take it up in such general fashiuon to wear their head so immeasurably long that some of them exceed the longest irish glibbs iren I fear not the blame of any undeserved dislikes but for the irish glibbs they are as fit marks as a mantle is for a thief for whensoever he hath seen himself into that peril of law that he will not be known he either cutteth off his glibb quite by which he becometh nothing like himself or pullet it so low down over his eyes that it is very hard to discern his thievish countenance and therefore fit to be trussed up with the mantle irish glib or thick lock of hair worn over forehead and eyes A mantle greek mandyas ecclesiastical garment a very full cape that extends to the floor joined at the neck that is worn over outer garments the mantle was originally a cape worn simply to ward off the cold the mantle was first mentioned in the old testament as a garment worn by several prophets including Elijah and Elisha in 2 kings 2 11-14 the mantle passing from elijah the prophet to Elisha his successor symbolises the passing of prophetic authority and it came to pass as they still went on and talked that behold there appeared a chariot of fire and horses of fire and parted them both asunder and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven and Elisha saw it and he cried my father my father the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof and he saw him no more and he took hold of his own clothes and rent them in two pieces he took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him and went back and stood on the bank of jordan and he took the mantle of elijah that fell from him and smote the waters and said where is the lord god of elijah and when he also had smitten the waters they parted hither and thither and Elisha went over over the centuries much symbolic meaning has come to be attributed to the mantle the mantle is a monastic vestment that covers the whole person with the exception of the head its freely flowing lines typify the wings of an angel hence it is called the angelic vestment the folds of the mantle are symbolical of the all embracing power of god and also the strictness piety and meekness of the monastic life the mantle is called the garment of incorruption and purity in the greek tradition the mantle is decorated with gold horizontal ribbons called rivers or streams symbolizing the word of god going out into the entire world

1570 I have caused all the irishry in this province to forego their glybbes use or wear a shirt smock A smock frock or smock is an outer garment traditionally worn by rural workers especially shepherds and waggoners in parts of England and wales from the early eighteenth century today the word smock refers to a loose overgarment worn to protect ones clothing for instance by a painter the traditional smock frock is made of heavy linen or wool and varies from thigh high to mid calf length characteristic features of the smock frock are fullness across the back breast and sleeves folded into tubes narrow unpressed pleats held in place and decorated by smocking a type of surface embroidery in a honeycomb pattern across the pleats that controls the fullness while allowing a degree of stretch kerchor kircher head attire cheese mould shape and look bendel bendell neckerchour neckercher mocket linnen cappe coloured or dyed with saffron ne yet use or wear in any their shirts or smocks above seven yards of cloth after irish habite irish fashion horse riders to wear native clothes if safety to ride iris virgils aneid who comes with saffron yellow wings to clip the dying didos lock iris image of queen elizabeth 1 john derricke iris or ire anger or irenic peaceful irish butterfly fly stinging one falcon of Kildare wings like psyche or the soul ready to set out for combat not without the sun imperial the rainbow Ireland

1606 shakespeare Macbeth from the western isles of kerns and gallowglasses is supplied

1852 thomas moore glibbes coulins or long locks the last glimpse of erin by thomas moore b1779-d1852 set these words to the air coulin

1877 royal irish archaeological journal sketch by Albrecht durer

1878 In distinguished Irishmen by the reverend Hogan sj I came upon a notice of father walter Talbot one of the eight of the house of lords Talbot de malahide who entered the Jesuit order see early 1520s

1898 june 1st of the above sketch 1877 a correspondent in Austria writes in the westminister gazette irish history contains many references to gallow glasses or native irregulars the francs tireurs or andarte of irish warfare see 1878 and early 1520s the author added that the sketch is now in Vienna he comments upon the figures fine powerfully built and formidable looking fellows armed with the long sword and gallowglass axe clad in a mantle of irish rug and wearing the irish glib and moustache which was forfeiture to wear at home not forfeiture only of moustache and glib but even of the head durer wrote over it here go the warmen of Ireland or rather also gand dij krigs man in irlandia hindr engeland

The original is no longer in Vienna the berlin museum bought it

dr friedrich lippmann director of the department of engraving in copper in the berlin museum says that the inscriptions is in durers own hand he calls the drawing evidently correctly warriors and peasants describing the warriors as wearing the costume of the fighting men of the middle ages durer wrote too above the less imposing figures the man in the irish rug mantle and the two gossons also gend dij pawern (suggests an old time connexion between poor and peasants ie bauern which the centuries have left intact) in irlandyen the untrammelled freedom of durers spelling comes out strongly even in these words from his pen Ireland behind England is a quaint geographical note of the great masters making on the top of the sheet is durers true monogram there are two reproductions of this sketch in the zeichnungen von Albrecht durer one in colour one plain it had long been a punishable offense for the mere irishry to keep books and documents as durer was above all things accurate we irish may take it that we have from his hand a faithfull likeness of our gallowglasses

1899 book The irish people their height their form their strength sketch by Albrecht durer in 1521 copied with permission of the r I archaeological society from their journal of the year 1877 p298 Albert durer the homer of painting has left us a sketch on which is written Here go the war men of Ireland beyond England here go the poor men of Ireland

The original is in Vienna (now berlin??) and a photograph of it is in the british museum

Galloglaigh gaelic mercenary warrior five male warriors in all 2 buachalli boys 1 chieftain 2 mature warriors Two kings men Aketon actouns cotun long coat with vertical quilting quilted defensive coats normally worn under armour is this quilting or pleating 33 pleats for the number of years in the earthly life a generation

Javelin pikes very long spears and a skot dart short javelin spiculis darts spears disguised for throwing short spear dirk

Luireach Clad in mail habergeon coat of mail unquilted coat slit at front for sitting astride a horse

Huge sword great sword Broadsword claidheamh claymore long sword halflangs swords with hilts long enough for two hands large double edged sword

Ricasso within circle on sword handle to be confirmed

Helmet basinet or burgonet

Small bow short bow and arrows

knives

Central chieftain figure clad in a mantle of irish rug and wearing the irish glib and moustache

Bearing a fish tail handle to his claymore sword or some such shape to be identified in 3 dimensions is it hexagon or octagon

Two kern Ceitherinn unarmoured light infantry auxillaries apprentice trooper young warrior servant or regular irish foot soldiers yeomen zemen irish footsoldier

Gallowglass axe or hoes

Leinte linen shirts

Not shown two handed sparth axe six feet long with blade one foot broad Lochaber axe

The war men and poor men as seen and drawn by durer are very like what you would see through Ireland and very unlike the creation of fine physical appearance as appears from the picture which we reproduce see 155 sketches and photographs of Irishmen

but the burning question is do you see the head of the hound of culann in the drawing above and if you do look again and inform me what else you are seeing

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