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Summary
DescriptionRegulation of transcription in mammals.jpg
English: An active
enhancer regulatory region is enabled to interact with the
promoter region of its target
gene by formation of a chromosome loop. This can initiate
messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bound to the promoter at the
transcription start site of the gene. The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter and these proteins are joined together to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory
transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter. When a transcription factor is activated by a signal (here indicated as
phosphorylation shown by a small red star on a transcription factor on the enhancer) the enhancer is activated and can now activate its target promoter. The active enhancer is transcribed on each strand of DNA in opposite directions by bound RNAP IIs. Mediator (a complex consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory signals from the enhancer DNA-bound transcription factors to the promoter.
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