In
agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating
crops or as a
paddock or other enclosure for
livestock. A field may also be an area left to lie
fallow or as
arable land.[1]
Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.[2]
Paddock
In
Australian and
New Zealand English, any agricultural field may be called a paddock, especially if for keeping sheep or cattle. If stock are grazed there, the space may be called a run, e.g. sheep run; cattle run.[3] The term paddock is used more specifically in
animal husbandry for a system in which grazing land is divided into small areas, paddocks, and the stock graze each paddock in turn for a short period. Paddock grazing systems may be designed with, for example, 6 or 11 paddocks used in rotation.[4]
A paddock is normally fenced, usually by wire, and often defined by its natural boundaries, or is otherwise considered distinct. A back paddock is a smaller field that is situated away from the farm house; possibly land of lesser quality.[5] The equivalent concept in North America and the UK is a
pasture.
In Australia the word seems to have had its current meaning since at least 1807[6] and in New Zealand since at least 1842.[7] However, the English meaning of "field" was used earlier in Australia[8] and is still occasionally used.[9] Similarly,
meadow was in early use[10] and has appeared later, for example, in 2004.[11] Field remains in regular use in Australasia in expressions such as
football field,
Field Day and
field trip.
In a new style of
intensive farming developed in North America, a paddock is a small (perhaps 1 acre) temporary subdivision of a pasture made with electric fencing, which is intensely grazed for a day and then left to rest for perhaps 80 days or more.[12]
^Bertelsen, B. S.; Faulkner, D. B.; Buskirk, D. D.; Castree, J. W. (1993-06-01). "Beef cattle performance and forage characteristics of continuous, 6-paddock, and 11-paddock grazing systems". Journal of Animal Science. 71 (6): 1381–1389.
doi:
10.2527/1993.7161381x.