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US federal vehicle regulations
The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS ) are
U.S. federal
vehicle regulations specifying design, construction, performance, and durability requirements for
motor vehicles and regulated
automobile safety -related components, systems, and design features. They are the U.S. counterpart to the UN Regulations developed by the
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations and recognized to varying degree by most countries except the United States.
Canada has a system of analogous rules called the Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS ), which overlap substantially but not completely in content and structure with the FMVSS. The FMVSS/CMVSS requirements differ significantly from the international UN requirements, so
private import of foreign vehicles not originally manufactured to North American specifications is difficult or impossible.
Structure
FMVSS are currently codified in
Title 49 of the
Code of Federal Regulations , Part 571, Subpart B (
49 CFR
571 ), with each FMVSS standard as a section of Part 571, e.g., FMVSS Standard No. 101 is
49 CFR
571.101 . FMVSS are developed and enforced by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) pursuant to statutory authorization in the form of the
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, which is now codified at
49 U.S.C.
ch. 301 .
FMVSS are divided into three categories: crash avoidance (100-series),
crashworthiness (200-series), and post-crash survivability (300-series). The first regulation, FMVSS No. 209, was adopted on 1 March 1967 and remains in force to date though its requirements have been periodically updated and made more stringent. It stipulates the requirements for
seat belts in roadgoing vehicles.
Other FMVSS include:
[1]
Crash avoidance
FMVSS No. 101:
[2] Controls and displays
FMVSS No. 102:
[3] Transmission shift lever sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect
FMVSS No. 103:
[4]
Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
FMVSS No. 104:
[5]
Windshield wiping and washing systems
FMVSS No. 105:
[6] Hydraulic and electric brake systems
FMVSS No. 106 :
[7] Brake hoses
FMVSS No. 107: [Reserved] (previously "Reflecting surfaces", rescinded in 1996)
[8]
FMVSS No. 108 :
[9] Lamps, reflective device and associated equipment
FMVSS No. 109:
[10] New pneumatic tires for passenger cars
FMVSS No. 110:
[11] Tire selection and rims for passenger cars
FMVSS No. 111:
[12]
Rear view and
side view mirrors
FMVSS No. 112: [Reserved] (previously "Headlamp concealment devices", canceled in 1996 and incorporated into #108)
[13]
[14] : 32
FMVSS No. 113:
[15] Hood latch system
FMVSS No. 114:
[16] Theft Protection
FMVSS No. 115: [Reserved] (previously "
Vehicle identification number ", moved to Part 565 in 1983)
[17]
FMVSS No. 116 :
[18]
Motor vehicle brake fluids
FMVSS No. 117:
[19] Retreaded pneumatic tires
FMVSS No. 118:
[20] Power-operated window, partition, and roof panel systems
FMVSS No. 119:
[21] New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars
FMVSS No. 120:
[22] Tire selection and rims for motor vehicles other than passenger cars
FMVSS No. 121:
[23]
Air brake systems
FMVSS No. 122:
[24]
[25]
Motorcycle brake systems
FMVSS No. 123:
[26] Motorcycle controls and displays
FMVSS No. 124:
[27] Accelerator control systems
FMVSS No. 125:
[28] Warning devices
FMVSS No. 126 :
[29]
Electronic stability control systems
FMVSS No. 127: [Reserved] (previously "
Speedometers and
odometers ", revoked in 1982)
[30]
FMVSS No. 128: [Reserved] (previously "Fields of direct view", rescinded in 1981)
[31]
FMVSS No. 129:
[32] New non-pneumatic tires for passenger cars- new temporary spare non-pneumatic tires for use on passenger cars
FMVSS No. 131:
[33] School bus pedestrian safety devices
FMVSS No. 135:
[34] Light vehicle brake systems
FMVSS No. 136:
[35]
Electronic stability control systems on heavy vehicles
FMVSS No. 138 :
[36]
Tire-pressure monitoring systems
FMVSS No. 139:
[37] New pneumatic radial tires for light vehicles
FMVSS No. 140: [Proposed] ("Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Speed Limiting Devices", released for public comment in September 2016)
[38]
FMVSS No. 141:
[39] Minimum sound requirements for hybrid and electric vehicles
Crashworthiness
FMVSS No. 201:
[40] Occupant protection in interior impact
FMVSS No. 202:
[41]
[42]
Head restraints for passenger vehicles
FMVSS No. 203:
[43] Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system
FMVSS No. 204:
[44] Steering control rearward displacement
FMVSS No. 205:
[45]
[46] Glazing materials
FMVSS No. 206:
[47] Door locks and door retention components
FMVSS No. 207:
[48] Seating Systems
FMVSS No. 208 :
[49] Occupant crash protection
FMVSS No. 209:
[50] Seat belt assemblies
FMVSS No. 210:
[51] Seat belt anchorages
FMVSS No. 211: [Reserved] (previously "Wheel nuts, wheel discs and hub caps")
FMVSS No. 212:
[52] Windshield mounting
FMVSS No. 213:
[53] Child restraint systems
FMVSS No. 214:
[54] Side impact protection
FMVSS No. 215: [Reserved] (previously "Exterior protection")
FMVSS No. 216:
[55]
[56]
Roof crush resistance
FMVSS No. 217:
[57] Bus emergency exits and window retention and release.
FMVSS No. 218:
[58]
Motorcycle helmets
FMVSS No. 219:
[59] Windshield zone intrusion
FMVSS No. 220:
[60] School bus rollover protection
FMVSS No. 221:
[61] School bus body joint strength
FMVSS No. 222:
[62] School bus passenger seating and crash protection
FMVSS No. 223:
[63] Rear impact guards
FMVSS No. 224:
[64] Rear impact protection
FMVSS No. 225:
[65] Child restraint anchorage systems
FMVSS No. 226 :
[66] Ejection mitigation
FMVSS No. 227:
[67] Bus rollover structural integrity
Post-crash survivability
FMVSS No. 301:
[68] Fuel system integrity
FMVSS No. 302:
[69] Flammability of interior materials
FMVSS No. 303:
[70] Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles
FMVSS No. 304:
[71] Compressed natural gas fuel container integrity
FMVSS No. 305:
[72] Electric-powered vehicles: Electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection
Miscellaneous
FMVSS No. 401 :
[73]
Interior trunk release
FMVSS No. 402: [Reserved] (previously "Radiator and coolant reservoir caps venting of motor vehicle coolant systems")
FMVSS No. 403:
[74] Platform lift systems for motor vehicles
FMVSS No. 404:
[75] Platform lift installation in motor vehicles
FMVSS No. 500:
[76] Low-speed vehicles
Other regulations relating to transportation
Aside from the FMVSS in Part 571, there are numerous federal regulations pertaining to motor vehicles under Title 49, including:
Part 523:
[77] Vehicle Classification
Part 525:
[78] Exemptions from average fuel economy standards
Part 526:
[79] Petitions and plans for relief under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980
Part 529:
[80] Manufacturers of multistage automobiles
Part 531:
[81] Passenger automobile average fuel economy standards
Part 533:
[82] Light truck fuel economy standards
Part 534:
[83] Rights and responsibilities of manufacturers in the context of changes in corporate relationships
Part 536:
[84] Transfer and trading of fuel economy credits
Part 537:
[85] Automotive fuel economy reports
Part 538:
[86] Manufacturing incentives for alternative fuel vehicles
Part 541:
[87] Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard
Part 542:
[88] Procedures for selecting light duty truck lines to be covered by the theft prevention standard
Part 543:
[89] Exemption from vehicle theft prevention standard
Part 544:
[90] Insurer reporting requirements
Part 545:
[91] Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard phase-in and small-volume line reporting requirements
Part 551:
[92] Procedural rules
Part 552:
[93] Petitions for rulemaking, defect, and noncompliance orders
Part 553:
[94] Rulemaking procedures
Part 554:
[95] Standards enforcement and defects investigation
Part 555:
[96] Temporary exemptions from motor vehicle safety and bumper standards
Part 556:
[97] Exemption for inconsequential defect or noncompliance
Part 557:
[98] Petitions for hearings on notification and remedy of defects
Part 563:
[99] Event data recorders
Part 564:
[100] Replaceable light source and sealed beam headlamp information
Part 565:
[101]
Vehicle identification number requirements
Part 566:
[102] Manufacturer identification
Part 567:
[103] Certification
Part 568:
[104] Vehicles manufactured in two or more stages
Part 569:
[105] Regrooved tires
Part 570:
[106] Vehicle-In-Use inspection standards
Part 572:
[107]
Anthropomorphic test devices
Part 573:
[108] Defect and noncompliance responsibility and reports
Part 574:
[109] Tire identification and record keeping
Part 575:
[110] Consumer information
Part 576:
[111] Record retention
Part 577:
[112] Defect and noncompliance notification
Part 578:
[113] Civil and criminal penalties
Part 579:
[114] Reporting of information and communications about potential defects
Part 580:
[115] Odometer disclosure requirements
Part 581:
[116] Bumper standard
Part 582:
[117] Insurance cost information regulation
Part 583:
[118] Automobile parts content labeling
Part 585:
[119] Phase-in reporting requirements
Part 586: [Reserved]
Part 587:
[120] Deformable barriers
Part 588:
[121] Child restraint system recordkeeping requirements
Part 589: [Reserved]
Part 590: [Reserved]
Part 591:
[122] Importation of vehicles and equipment subject to federal safety, bumper, and theft prevention standards
Part 592:
[123] Registered importers of vehicles not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
Part 593:
[124] Determinations that a vehicle not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards is eligible for importation
Part 594:
[125] Schedule of fees authorized by
49 U.S.C.
§ 30141
Part 595:
[126] Make inoperative exemptions
Part 596: [Reserved]
Part 597: [Reserved]
Part 598: [Reserved]
Part 599:
[127] Requirements and procedures for
Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Act Program
References
External links