The letters in the string are, approximately, the 12 most commonly used letters in the English language,
ordered by their frequency.[4]
History
The letters on
type-casting machine keyboards (such as
Linotype and
Intertype) were arranged by descending
letter frequency to speed up the mechanical operation of the machine, so lower-case e-t-a-o-i-n and s-h-r-d-l-u were the first two columns on the left side of the keyboard.
Each key would cause a brass 'matrix' (an individual letter mold) from the corresponding slot in a font magazine to drop and be added to a line mold. After a line had been cast, the constituent matrices of its mold were returned to the font magazine.
If a mistake was made, the line could theoretically be corrected by hand in the assembler area. However, manipulating the matrices by hand within the partially assembled line was time-consuming and presented the chance of disturbing important adjustments. It was much quicker to fill out the bad line and discard the resulting line of text than it was to redo it properly.
To make the line long enough to proceed through the machine, operators would finish it by running a finger down the first columns of the keyboard, which created a pattern that could be easily noticed by proofreaders. Occasionally such a line would be overlooked and make its way into print.
Appearances outside typography
The phrase has gained enough notability to appear outside typography, including:
Computing
SHRDLU was used in 1972 by
Terry Winograd as the name for an early artificial-intelligence system in
Lisp.[5]
The ETAOIN SHRDLU Chess Program was written by Garth Courtois, Jr. for the Nova 1200 mini-computer, competing in the 6th and 7th ACM North American Computer Chess Championship 1975 and 1976.[6]
"Etienne Shrdlu" was used as the name of a character in Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing, touch-typing training software from the late 1980s.[7]
Variations of "Etaoin Shrdlu" are used in the title of some works, including "Etaoin Shrdlu", a 1942 short story by
Fredric Brown about a sentient Linotype machine (a sequel, "Son of Etaoin Shrdlu", was written by others in 1981);[8] the 1945 whimsical short story "Etaoin and Shrdlu" by
Anthony Armstrong which ends "And Sir Etaoin and Shrdlu married and lived so happily ever after that whenever you come across Etaoin's name even today it's generally followed by Shrdlu's".;[8] a 50-year history of the
National Press Club (USA) published in 1958 titled Shrdlu – An Affectionate Chronicle;[11] and The Best of Shrdlu, a collection by Denys Parsons of humorous misprints and double meanings from newspapers that Parsons ascribed to a mischievous character named Gobfrey Shrdlu, referring to collectors of them as Shrdlologists.[12]
Three pieces in The New Yorker magazine were published in 1925, under the
pen name Etain Shrdlu.[13] At least one piece in The New Yorker magazine had Etaoin Shrdlu in the title.[14]
Etaoin Shrdlu is the name of a character in at least two
Robert Crumb comic stories, including Weirdo.[15]
In Pogo by
Walt Kelly, on March 11, 1950, a bookworm criticizes Webster's Dictionary for, among other things, bad spelling; he gives his name as "Mr. Shrdlu – Etaoin Shrdlu."
In
Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strip for September 13, 1992,
Snoopy is sitting atop his doghouse with a typewriter and types the words "etaoin shrdlu".
"Eotain" and "Shurdlu", using these spellings, are the names of two characters who make sporadic joint appearances in
Phil Foglio's webcomic Girl Genius.
Etaoin and Shrdlu both appear frequently in the drawings of
Emile Mercier as place names, racehorses' names, and people's names.
The rogue-like video game Nethack uses randomized names for unidentified magic scrolls; one of these names is ETAOIN SHRDLU.[16]
"Molten
Fairies: Sprites of a Newspaper" appeared in Perth's "The Daily News" in 1922.[17]
Music
Shrdlu (Norman Shrdlu) is listed as the composer of "Jam Blues", cut 1 on the 1951 Norman Granz-produced jazz album released in 1990 as Charlie Parker Jam Session. This appears to be a joke on Granz's part as Norman Shrdlu is credited in several Parker (and other) tunes that are jam sessions rather than compositions.
"Etaoin"[18] and "Shrdlu", written and performed by Dallas Roberts, are original musical pieces created for the soundtrack of the U.S. television series
House of Cards, Season 2, Episode 10.[19]
^"Molten Fairies". The Daily News. Vol. XLI, no. 14, 787. Western Australia. 5 August 1922. p. 11 (third edition). Retrieved 22 April 2023 – via National Library of Australia.