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Subclass of annelid worms
Errantia is a diverse group of
marine
polychaete worms in the phylum
Annelida . Traditionally a
subclass of the
paraphyletic class
Polychaeta ,
[4] it is currently regarded as a
monophyletic group within the larger
Pleistoannelida , composed of Errantia and
Sedentaria .
[2] These worms are found worldwide in marine environments and brackish water.
Phylogeny
The
phylogeny of
polychaetes is slowly being resolved. Errantia and
Sedentaria are the two biggest
clades of polychaetes, and together they compose clade
Pleistoannelida .
[5] Two groups are nested within Errantia:
Aciculata (
Eunicida +
Phyllodocida ) and
Protodriliformia (
small meiofaunal worms such as the
Protodrilida ).
[6]
[3]
[2]
Historically, the order
Amphinomida was part of this subclass. However,
phylogenetic analyses place
Amphinomida inside a basal clade with
Sipunculida and
Lobatocerebrum , and this clade is the
sister group to
Pleistoannelida .
[3]
Some
taxa , such as
Spintheridae and
Myzostomida , are still difficult to place due to their long branching, but they likely belong to either Errantia or
Sedentaria .
[3]
Classification
Historical
Errantia is, along with
Sedentaria , one of the two old orders of the
paraphyletic class "
Polychaeta ". In 1977 the zoologist Kristian Fauchald split Errantia into three orders:
Phyllodocida ,
Amphinomida and
Eunicida , giving way to this classification.
[7]
Order
Amphinomida – 2 families (
Amphinomidae ,
Euphrosinidae )
Order
Eunicida
Order
Phyllodocida
Suborder
Phyllodociformia – 4 families (
Phyllodocidae ,
Alciopidae ,
Lopadorrhynchidae ,
Pontodoridae )
Suborder
Aphroditiformia
Suborder
Nereidiformia – 6 families (
Hesionidae ,
Pilargiidae ,
Syllidae ,
Calamyzidae ,
Nereididae ,
Antonbmunidae )
Suborder
Glyceriformia – 3 families (
Glyceridae ,
Goniadidae ,
Lacydoniidae )
Suborder incertae sedis – 5 families (
Iospilidae ,
Nephtyidae ,
Sphaerodoridae ,
Tomoptendae ,
Typhloscolecidae )
References
^ Yang, Xiaoyu; Aguado, M. Teresa; Helm, Conrad; Zhang, Zhiqian; Bleidorn, Christoph (April 2024).
"New fossil of Gaoloufangchaeta advances the origin of Errantia (Annelida) to the early Cambrian" . Royal Society Open Science . 11 (4).
doi :
10.1098/rsos.231580 .
ISSN
2054-5703 .
PMC
11004674 .
PMID
38601033 .
^
a
b
c Struck TH (2019). "Phylogeny". In Purschke G, Böggemann M, Westheide W (eds.). Handbook of Zoology: Annelida . Vol. 1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. De Gruyter. pp. 37–68.
doi :
10.1515/9783110291582-002 .
ISBN
9783110291469 .
^
a
b
c
d Weigert A, Bleidorn C (2016). "Current status of annelid phylogeny". Org Divers Evol . 16 (2): 345–362.
doi :
10.1007/s13127-016-0265-7 .
^
"Encyclopedia of Life" . Archived from
the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2011-06-25 .
^ Struck TH, Golombek A, Weigert A, Franke FA, Westheide W, Purschke G, Bleidorn C, Halanych KM (3 August 2015).
"The evolution of annelids reveals two adaptive routes to the interstitial realm" . Curr Biol . 25 (15): 1993–1999.
Bibcode :
2015CBio...25.1993S .
doi :
10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.007 .
PMID
26212885 .
^ Andrade, Sónia C.S.; Novo, Marta; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.; Worsaae, Katrine; Pleijel, Fredrik; Giribet, Gonzalo; Rouse, Greg W. (November 2015).
"Articulating "Archiannelids": Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 32 (11): 2860–2875.
doi :
10.1093/molbev/msv157 .
PMID
26205969 .
^ Fauchald, Kristian (3 February 1977),
The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera (PDF) , Science Series, vol. 28, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), pp. 1–188