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Division of fungi
Entomophthoromycota is a
division of kingdom
fungi . In 2007, it was placed at the
taxonomic rank of
subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus
kingdom .
[1] In 2012, it was raised to the rank of
phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a
scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012.
[2] Divided into three
classes and six
families (
Ancylistaceae ,
Basidiobolaceae ,
Completoriaceae ,
Entomophthoraceae ,
Meristacraceae , and
Neozygitaceae ), it contains over 250 species that are mostly
arthropod pathogens or soil- and
litter -borne
saprobes .
[3]
Taxonomy
Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly
classified in the division
Zygomycota . Humber's reorganization divides the division into three
classes while retaining the previously defined
family structure:
[2]
Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 [Entomophthoromycotina Humber 2007 ]
Class
Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012 [Bolomycetes Cavalier-Smith 1998 ; Bolomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ; Basidiobolomycota Doweld 2001 ]
Order
Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm.
Family
Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924
Schizangiella Dwyer et al. 2006
Basidiobolus Eidam 1886 [
Amphoromorpha Thaxter 1914
Class
Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012
Order
Neozygitales Humber 2012
Family
Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987
Apterivorax Keller 2005
Neozygites Witlaczil 1885 [
Thaxterosporium Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987
Class
Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012 [Entomomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 1998 em. 2012 ]
Order
Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter ]
Family
Ancylistaceae
Schröter 1893
Ancyclistes Pfitzer 1872
Conidiobolus Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989 [Conidiobolus (
Capillidium ) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982 ; Conidiobolus (Conidiobolus ) (Brefeld) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982 ; Conidiobolus (
Delacroixia ) (Sacc. & Syd.) Tyrrell & MacLeod 1972
Macrobiotophthora Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981
Family
Completoriaceae Humber 1989
Completoria Lohde 1874
Family
Entomophthoraceae Nowakowski 1877 [Empusaceaae]
Subfamily
Erynioideae Keller 2005 [Massosporoideae Keller 2005 ]
Erynia (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989 [Zoophthora (Erynia ) Nowakowski ex Batko 1966
Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)
Furia (Batko 1966) Humber 2005 [Zoophthora (Furia ) Batko 1966 ; Erynia (Furia ) (Batko 1966) Li & Humber 1984
Orthomyces Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988
Pandora Humber 2005 [Erynia (
Neopandora ) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982
Strongwellsea Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976
Zoophthora Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005
Subfamily
Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005
Batkoa Humber 2005
Entomophaga Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989
Entomophthora Fresenius 1856 [Empusa (Triplosporium ) Thaxter 1888 ;
Triplosporium (Thaxter 1888) Batko 1964
Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)
Massospora Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974
Family
Meristacraceae Humber 1989
Meristacrum Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 (syn Tabanomyces Couch et al. )
Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include
Ballocephala ,
Tarichium , and
Zygnemomyces .
[3]
Synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".
[4] Ballocephala and Zygnemomyces were transferred to
Mucoromycota division.
Description
Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their
vegetative cells are
coenocytic ;
sporulation occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective
conidia ; and their
zygospores (which also function as
resting spores ) are
homothallic .
[3]
References
^ Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res . 111 (Pt 5): 509–47.
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.626.9582 .
doi :
10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 .
PMID
17572334 .
^
a
b Humber RA. (2012).
"Entomophthoromycota: A new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi" . Mycotaxon . 120 : 477–492.
doi :
10.5248/120.477 .
^
a
b
c Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME, Hodge K, Huang B, Voigt K, Vilgalys R (2013).
"Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota" . Persoonia . 30 : 94–105.
doi :
10.3767/003158513X666330 .
PMC
3734969 .
PMID
24027349 .
^
"Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi" . Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement . Archived from
the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016 .