From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Embryokines (
Greek : embryuon "embryo" + kinōs "movement") are regulatory molecules produced by the oviduct and endometrium in the reproductive tract that modulate
embryonic growth and development .
[1]
[2]
Embryokines include growth factors such as
insulin-like growth factor-1 , and
activin a
transforming growth factor ;
cytokines such as
colony stimulating factor 2 ,
[3]
[4] WNT regulatory proteins including
DKK1 ;
[5] Other small molecule
amino acids are included that regulate embryonic development through the
mTOR signalling pathway.
Prostacyclin 1 can activate
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 6 to increase
blastocyst hatching, and
cannabinoids that can also act to regulate implantation and development.
[2]
References
^ Hansen PJ, Dobbs KD, Denicol AC (September 2014). "Programming of the preimplantation embryo by the embryokine colony stimulating factor 2". Animal Reproduction Science . 149 (1–2): 59–66.
doi :
10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.017 .
PMID
24954585 .
^
a
b Hansen, PJ; Dobbs, KB; Denicol, AC; Siqueira, LGB (January 2016).
"Sex and the preimplantation embryo: implications of sexual dimorphism in the preimplantation period for maternal programming of embryonic development" . Cell and Tissue Research . 363 (1): 237–247.
doi :
10.1007/s00441-015-2287-4 .
PMC
4703572 .
PMID
26391275 .
^ Block J, Hansen PJ, Loureiro B, Bonilla L (December 2011).
"Improving post-transfer survival of bovine embryos produced in vitro: actions of insulin-like growth factor-1, colony stimulating factor-2 and hyaluronan" . Theriogenology . 76 (9): 1602–1609.
doi :
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.025 .
PMID
21890189 .
^ Yoshioka K, Suzuki C, Iwamura S (January 2000). "Effects of activin A and follistatin on developmental kinetics of bovine embryos: cinematographic analysis in a chemically defined medium". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility . 118 (1): 119–125.
doi :
10.1530/jrf.0.1180119 (inactive 2024-03-30).
PMID
10793633 . {{
cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
link )
^ Denicol AC, Block J, Kelley KG, Dobbs KB, Mortensen CJ, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ (September 2014).
"The WNT signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 directs lineage commitment and promotes survival of the preimplantation embryo" . FASEB Journal . 28 (9): 3975–3986.
doi :
10.1096/fj.14-253112 .
PMC
5395727 .
PMID
24858280 .