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Double simultaneous vote (DSV) is an electoral system in which multiple offices – such as the president and members of a legislature – are elected through a single vote cast for a party. It can be combined with other electoral systems; in Uruguay DSV is used to elect the president and members of the Senate and Chamber of Representatives, with the presidential election also using the two-round system; if no party/presidential candidate receives a majority of the vote, a second round is held for the presidential election. [1]
The initial republican constitutions of several countries in the Commonwealth of Nations, such as Kenya, [2] Guyana [3] and Zambia, [4] provided for presidential elections by double simultaneous vote. Occasionally, as in Tanganyika, [5] [6] a variant was used whereby the candidate who won a majority of constituencies (as opposed to a plurality of votes) would be elected.
Some Latin American countries used a DSV variant known as Ley de Lemas, in which parties may have sub-groups (sub-lemas) whose votes count towards the party's overall total.
Country | First election | Second election | Third election | Simultaneous votes | |||
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Offices | System | Offices | System | Offices | System | ||
Angola | Members of the National Assembly | Party-list PR | President | FPTP | Closed list party vote + personal vote | ||
Botswana | Members of the National Assembly | FPTP | President | Constituency unit system [a] | Personal vote + personal vote | ||
Bolivia | President (first round) | TRS | Chamber of Deputies | AMS | Senate | Party-list PR | Personal vote + mixed single vote + closed list party vote |
Guyana | Members of the National Assembly | Party-list PR | President | FPTP | Closed list party vote + personal vote | ||
Uruguay | President | TRS | Chamber of Representatives | Party-list PR | Chamber of Senators | Party-list PR | Personal vote + 2x closed list party vote |