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Dolby AC-4 is an audio compression technology developed by Dolby Laboratories. [1] Dolby AC-4 bitstreams can contain audio channels and/or audio objects. [1] Dolby AC-4 has been adopted by the DVB project and standardized by the ETSI. [2]

History

Its development started in late 2011 to create a high-quality audio format to be used in streaming services, future TV broadcasts, and mainly to replace the traditional Dolby AC-3.[ citation needed] AC-4 was standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) under the code "TS 103 190" in April 2014, [1] and in December 2014 Dolby Laboratories approved the sound format for commercial use.[ citation needed]

On March 10, 2015, the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) announced that Dolby AC-4 was one of the three standards proposed for the audio system of ATSC 3.0. [3]

On July 14, 2015, Dolby Laboratories announced that Sony Visual Products and Vizio would support Dolby AC-4. [4]

On April 14, 2016, Dolby Laboratories announced that Samsung would ship TVs with support for Dolby AC-4 in 2017. [5]

Technical details

Dolby AC-4 can have up to 5.1 core audio channels which all Dolby AC-4 decoders are required to decode. [1] Additional audio channels may be encoded as side signals which Dolby AC-4 decoders can optionally support which would allow for the delivery of 7.1.4 channel audio. [1] Side signals may also contain audio objects. [1] Dolby AC-4 has two different channel based encoding tools with Advanced Joint Channel Coding (A-JCC) used for low bit rates and Advanced Coupling (A-CPL) used for high bit rates. [1] A-JCC doesn't support side signals and is limited to 5.1 channel audio while A-CPL does support side signals. [1] Dolby AC-4 supports up to 7 audio objects with a core decoder and can optionally support additional audio objects with a more advanced decoder. [1] The use of different decoders allows Dolby AC-4 to support lower cost devices while also allowing for more advanced decoders for AV receivers. [1]

AC-4 uses an improved modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) audio coding algorithm. [6] Dolby states that Dolby AC-4 provides a 50% reduction in bit rate over Dolby Digital Plus. [1] When Dolby AC-4 was tested by the DVB the Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor test (MUSHRA) score was 90 at 192 kbit/s for 5.1 channel audio. [1] When tested for ATSC 3.0 the bit rates needed for the required audio score was 96 kbit/s for stereo audio, 192 kbit/s for 5.1 channel audio, and 288 kbit/s for 7.1.4 channel audio. [1] However, for 22.2 channel audio, the required bit rate may be as high as 1536 kbit/s. [7]

Dolby AC-4 is extensible and audio substreams allow for new features to be added to Dolby AC-4 while maintaining compatibility with older decoders. [1]

Patent licensing

Dolby AC-4 is covered by patents and requires a license from Dolby Laboratories. [8] Dolby AC-4 has a consumer royalty rate of US$0.15 to US$1.20 depending on the type of device and volume of sales. [8] Dolby only charges for one technology per device, which means that Dolby AC-4 effectively costs nothing in devices that include existing Dolby technologies such as Dolby Digital Plus. [8] The professional royalty rate is up to US$50 for an eight channel transcoder. [8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Dolby AC-4: Audio Delivery for Next-Generation Entertainment Services" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. 2015-06-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-04. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  2. ^ John Archer (2015-09-14). "How Dolby Plans To Revolutionize The Sound On Your Tablet, Smartphone And TV". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  3. ^ "Advanced Television Systems Committee Begins Review of ATSC 3.0 Audio System Proposals". Advanced Television Systems Committee. 2015-03-10. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  4. ^ "VIZIO and Sony Visual Products Adopt Dolby AC-4". Business Wire. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  5. ^ "Dolby Announces Samsung Commitment to Bring Dolby AC-4 Enabled Televisions to Market". Business Wire. 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  6. ^ "Dolby AC-4: Audio Delivery for Next-Generation Entertainment Services" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. June 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  7. ^ https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.1196-7-201901-S!!PDF-E.pdf [ bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ a b c d Giles Baker (2018-04-11). "Setting the record straight on Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H". Dolby Laboratories. Retrieved 2019-11-05.

External links

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