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Distal promoter elements are regulatory DNA sequences that can be many kilobases distant from the gene that they regulate. [1]

They can either be enhancers (increasing expression) or silencers (decreasing expression). They act by binding activator or repressor proteins ( transcription factors) and the intervening DNA bends such that the bound proteins contact the core promoter and RNA polymerase. [1]

References

  1. ^ a b Roeder, Robert G. (January 1991). "The complexities of eukaryotic transcription initiation: regulation of preinitiation complex assembly". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 16: 402–408. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(91)90164-Q. PMID  1776168.


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