The Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (CRB) (
Croatian: Hrvatsko Revolucionarno Bratstvo or HRB), also known as Ustasha, was an Australian-based
Croatian separatist terrorist organisation.[1][2][3][4]
The organisation was established by four Croatian emigres: Jure Maric, Ilija Tolic, Josip Oblak, and Geza Pasti. Geza Pasti was a former
Ustashi officer.[5] The organisation carried out terrorist actions in
Europe and
Australia.[6] The organisation was active throughout the territory of Yugoslavia in the early and mid-1960s. Its aim was to start an uprising in Yugoslavia and to establish an independent Croatia. This mission failed due to the intervention of the
State Security Administration, the Yugoslav
secret police.[7]
In 1972 CRB was renamed to Croatian Illegal Revolutionary Organization.[5]
Actions
Action Kangaroo (July 1963) The objective was to focus on the Croatian villages and provincial enterprises in northern Yugoslavia, spreading anti-Communist propaganda and promoting civil unrest.[5]
These people were also members of
Ante Pavelić's
Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) but they left that organisation because they decided they would not achieve their goals through the political route.[5]
UDBA, the Yugoslav secret police, attempted to curb the group's terrorist activities by engaging in covert assassinations of its members. Geza Pašti was killed in Nice in 1965, and Marijan Šimundić was killed in Stuttgart in 1967.[12]
The CRB/HRB's motto was: "Život za Hrvatsku" ["Life for Croatia"].[citation needed]
^
abcdBrawley, Sean (2009). "Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood". Doomed to Repeat? Terrorism and the Lessons of History. New Academia Publishing.
ISBN9781955835046.
^Tokic, Mate Nikola (6 August 2012). "The End of 'Historical-Ideological Bedazzlement': Cold War Politics and Emigre Croatian Separatist Violence, 1950-1980". Social Science History. 36 (3). Duke University Press: 421–445.
doi:
10.1215/01455532-1595408.
ISSN0145-5532.
JSTOR23258106.
S2CID246273836.
^Brawley, Sean (2009). Doomed to Repeat? Terrorism and the Lessons of History. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 283–298.
ISBN978-1-955835-04-6.
OCLC1265464219.
Adriano, Pino; Cingolani, Giorgio (2018). "Epilogue The Question of the Ustasha between Yugoslavia and the Vatican, 1952–72". Nationalism and Terror: Ante Pavelić and Ustasha Terrorism from Fascism to the Cold War. Budapest; New York: Central European University Press. pp. 409–436.
ISBN978-963-386-206-3.
JSTOR10.7829/j.ctv4cbhsr.
OCLC8182808968.
Cottle, Drew; Keys, Angela (2022). "Fascism in Exile: Ustasha-Linked Organisations in Australia". In Smith, Evan; Persian, Jane; Fox, Vashti Jane (eds.). Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia. London: Routledge.
doi:
10.4324/9781003120964-7.
ISBN978-1-003-12096-4.
Tokić, Mate Nikola (2020). Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
ISBN9781557538918.