Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | |||||||||
| Capital | Simferopol | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Government | Socialist republic | ||||||||
| Chairman | |||||||||
• 1919 | Dmitry Ulyanov | ||||||||
| Legislature | Revolutionary committee | ||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
| Mar–Apr 1919 | |||||||||
• Republic established | May 1919 | ||||||||
• White Movement
Volunteer army offensive | June 1919 | ||||||||
• Republic defeated · White Movement control established | June | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | |||||||||
The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic [1] ( Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика; [2] Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea [3] was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea [3] and its capital was Simferopol. [2]
Description
In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Ukrainian Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government. [2]
By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman. [2] [3] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia. [3]
The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities. [2] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented. [2] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government. [3]
Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea. [2] On 18 June, White forces under Yakov Slashchov ( Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula. [2] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.
Soviet government
- Chairman of council - Dmitry Ulyanov
- Narkom of Army and Navy - Pavel Dybenko, commander of the Crimean Red Army
- Narkom of Propaganda and Agitation - Alexandra Kollontai
- Narkom of Health Care - Dmitry Ulyanov
- Narkom of People's Enlightenment - Ivan Nazukin
- Narkom of Justice - I.Ibrahimov
- Narkom of Land Cultivation - S. Idrisov
- Narkom of Foreign Affairs - S. Memetov
References
- ^ Harold Henry Fisher. The Famine in Soviet Russia, 1919-1923: The Operations of the American Relief Administration. Ayer Publishing, 1971. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8369-5650-4
- ^ a b c d e f g h « Крымская ССР» Хронос: Историческая Энциклопедия. ("Crimean SSR". Chronos: Historical Encyclopedia.) Retrieved 20 April 2011. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e Alan W. Fisher. The Crimean Tatars. Hoover Press, 1978. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8179-6662-1
See also
- Russian Revolution in Ukraine
- States and territories disestablished in 1919
- Post–Russian Empire states
- Early Soviet republics
- Former unrecognized countries
- States and territories established in 1919
- Communism in Ukraine
- Crimea during the Russian Civil War
- Former socialist republics
- Political history of Crimea