From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of Coronavirus diseases
For the disease involved in the pandemic since 2019, see
COVID-19 .
Structural view of a coronavirus
Coronavirus diseases are caused by
viruses in the
coronavirus subfamily, a group of related
RNA viruses that cause diseases in
mammals and
birds . In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause
respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the
common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly
rhinoviruses ),
[1]
[2] while more lethal varieties can cause
SARS ,
MERS and
COVID-19 .
[3]
[4] As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses,
[5] whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.
Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a
stellar corona , such as that of the Sun visible during a total
solar eclipse ;
corona is derived from
Latin corōna 'garland, wreath, crown'.
[6] It was coined by
Tony Waterson (professor of
virology at
St Thomas' Hospital )
[7]
[8]
[9] in a meeting with his colleagues
June Almeida and
David Tyrrell , the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a
Nature article in 1968,
[10] with approval by the
International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses three years later.
[11]
The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s.
Coronaviridae were generally of limited interest to the wider scientific community, until the appearance of SARS. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and the United Kingdom.
[12] A common origin in human coronaviruses is bats.
[13]
List
Coronavirus diseases
Host organism
Disease
Pathogen
Year of Discovery
Details
Birds
Avian infectious bronchitis
Avian coronavirus (IBV)
1920s
[14] (
isolated in 1938)
[15]
Discovered in
North America .
[14]
Pigs ,
dogs ,
cats
Enteritis
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)
1946 (isolated in 1965)
[16]
Infects pigs,
[16] cats,
[17] and dogs.
[18]
Humans
Common cold
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‑229E )
1930s (isolated in 1965)
[19]
Possibly originated from
bats .
[20]
Mice ,
rats
Encephalitis
MHV-JHM , a strain of
murine coronavirus (M‑CoV ) named after
John Howard Mueller .
[21]
1949
[22]
Humans
Common cold
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‑OC43 )
1967
[23]
Possibly originated from
rodents , then
jumped through cattle to humans.
[24]
Pigs
Enteritis
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
1971
[25]
Infects pigs. Caused
outbreaks in 1972
[26] and 1978,
[27] 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015.
[28]
Dogs
Enteritis
Canine coronavirus (CCoV )
1971
Cats
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
Feline coronavirus (FCoV )
Cattle
Enteritis
Bovine coronavirus (BCV or BCoV )
Humans
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‑CoV or SARS‑CoV‑1 ), a strain of
severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr‑CoV )
2002
Discovered in
Foshan , China.
[29] Caused the
2002–2004 SARS outbreak . Possibly originated from
horseshoe bats .
[30]
Humans
Common cold
Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV‑HKU1 )
2004
Discovered in
Hong Kong , China.
[31]
Humans
Common cold
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV‑NL63 )
2004
Discovered in
Amsterdam , Netherlands.
[32] Possibly originated from
tricolored bats .
[33]
Chinese bulbuls
Bulbul coronavirus HKU11 (BulbulCoV‑HKU11 )
2008
Discovered in Hong Kong, China.
[34]
[35]
Humans
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS‑CoV )
2012
Discovered in
Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
[36] Caused outbreaks in
2012 ,
2015 , and
2018 .
Pigs
Enteritis
Porcine coronavirus HKU15 (PorCov‑HKU15 )
2014
Discovered in Hong Kong, China.
[37]
Humans
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2 ), a strain of SARSr‑CoV
2019
Discovered in
Wuhan , China.
[38]
[39] Caused the
COVID-19 pandemic . Possibly originated from
pangolins , horseshoe bats, or both.
[40]
See also
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