Commelinids Temporal range:
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Cock's-foot grass ( Dactylis glomerata) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Orders | |
Diversity[ citation needed] | |
About 1,420 genera |
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids [1] [2]) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. [3] [4]
The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV- fluorescent ferulic acid. [3] [4]
The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). [5] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.[ citation needed]
The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (= monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[ citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
superorder
Bromelianae
order
Bromeliales
order
Velloziales
superorder
Pontederianae
order
Philydrales
order
Pontederiales
order
Haemodorales
superorder
Zingiberanae
order
Musales
order
Lowiales
order
Zingiberales
order
Cannales
superorder
Commelinanae
order
Commelinales
order
Mayacales
order
Xyridales
order
Rapateales
order
Eriocaulales
superorder
Hydatellanae
order
Hydatellales
superorder
Juncanae
order
Juncales
order
Cyperales
superorder
Poanae
order
Flagellariales
order
Restionales
order
Centrolepidales
order
Poales
The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:[ citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
order
Commelinales
order
Eriocaulales
order
Restionales
order
Juncales
order
Cyperales
order
Hydatellales
order
Typhales
The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids). [6] [7] The commelinids now constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, [8] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.
Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots
[9]
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The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998). [8] In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales. [9]
clade monocots :
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The current phylogeny and composition of the commelinids. [10] |