| Coatzacoalcos | |
|---|---|
 Approaching the mouth of the river from the
Gulf of Mexico. The city of
Coatzacoalcos is to starboard, and Allende to port. (2011) | |
 | |
  Location of mouth | |
| Etymology | "where serpent hides" ( Nahuatl) |
| Location | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Oaxaca, Veracruz |
| Region | Isthmus of Tehuantepec |
| Cities | Matías Romero, Minatitlán, Nanchital, Coatzacoalcos |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • coordinates | 16°56′44″N 94°37′1″W / 16.94556°N 94.61694°W |
| Mouth | |
• coordinates | 18°9′56″N 94°24′50″W / 18.16556°N 94.41389°W |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 325 km (202 mi) |
| Basin size | 17,563 km2 (6,781 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 1,163 m3/s (41,100 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Sarabia, Jaltepec |
| • right | El Corte, Uxpanapa |
| [1] | |
The Coatzacoalcos is a large river that feeds mainly the south part of the state of Veracruz; it originates in the Sierra de Niltepec and crosses the state of Oaxaca in the region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, flowing for 325 kilometres (202 miles) [1] [2] toward the Gulf of Mexico. Tributaries include El Corte, Sarabia, Jaltepec, Chalchijalpa, El Chiquito, Uxpanapa, and Calzadas. The merging of all these rivers creates one of the largest current flows in the entire region. Two-thirds of the streams are navigable.
Juan de Grijalva's 1518 expedition encountered the river. [3]: 34 Hernán Cortés sent Diego de Ordaz to explore the river as a possible port. [3]: 266–268
History
The Coatzacoalcos River is one of the most important rivers in Mexico. The oldest map of this river was drawn by Francisco Gali in 1580. Unlike most maps made in New Spain in the last quarter of the sixteenth century, this map is purely European in style and is somewhat reminiscent of a nautical chart. Analysis of the map suggests that it was made hastily. Both the errors in the distances and the numerous corrections that can still be observed support this conjecture. It seems that Francisco Gali was more interested from his point of view as an explorer and navigator in the most important aspect of the region: the possibility of connecting the North Sea and the South Sea through the Strait of Tehuantepec. In this respect, the map of Coatzacoalcos would have been drawn to show the viability of using the river as an interoceanic passage. [4]
Legend
According to legend, the Mesoamerican god Quetzalcoatl was aboard a raft made of a serpent skin and navigated until getting lost into the horizon. Ever since, the river has been known as Coatzacoalcos, which means "the place where the serpent hides" in Nahuatl. [5]
Port
The city of Coatzacoalcos, at the river's mouth, is one of the most commercial and industrialized ports, considered the third most important in the Gulf of Mexico, offering one of the most important means of transportation for an international commerce whose products are important to the local industrial farming business, forestry, and commerce in general for the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Pollution
The Coatzacoalcos is also among the world's most contaminated rivers, partly because of the lack of environmental laws protecting the public water. [6] According to the Mexican Center of Environmental Law (CEMDA) the biggest polluting body is the petrochemical industry of Mexico Pemex. [7]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Estadísticas por tema" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ^ Coatzacoalcos River. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000 Archived 2 July 2004 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0140441239
- ^ Manuel Morato-Moreno & José-María Gentil-Baldrich (2022) The Map of the Coatzacoalcos River (1580): The First Cartography of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, The Cartographic Journal, doi: 10.1080/00087041.2021.1995126
- ^ Wimmer, Alexis. "DICTIONNAIRE de la langue NAHUATL CLASSIQUE" (in French). Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ Peter M. Garber The Mexico-US Free Trade Agreement, 19 January 1994
- ^ Oil Spill in Coatzacoalcos River and Beach. Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Veracruz, Republic of Mexico, 22 December 2004
