| Coast Miwok | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | California |
| Ethnicity | Coast Miwok |
| Extinct | 1978 with the death of Sarah Ballard [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
csi |
| Glottolog |
coas1301 |
| ELP | Coast Miwok |
Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay. [2] The Marin and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.
Grammar
According to Catherine A. Callaghan's Bodega Miwok Dictionary, nouns have the following cases, expressed with suffixes: present subjective, possessive, allative, locative, ablative, instrumental, and comitative. Sentences are most commonly subject-verb-object, but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free". [3]
Phonology
The following is the Bodega dialect:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | plain | p | t̪ ⟨t⟩ | t̠ ⟨ṭ⟩ | k | ʔ ⟨'⟩ | ||
| voiced | ( b) | ( d) | ( ɡ) | |||||
| Affricate | tʃ ⟨c⟩ | |||||||
| Fricative | ( f) | s | ʃ ⟨ṣ⟩ | h | ||||
| Tap | ( ɾ) ⟨r⟩ | |||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j ⟨y⟩ | |||||
Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/. [3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References
-
^
Coast Miwok at
Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Callaghan, Catherine A. (1970). Bodega Miwok Dictionary. University of California Press.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Coast Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
- Keeling, Richard. "Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology," 1985. Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. v. 2. North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians
External links
- Coast Miwok at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Coast Miwok, California Language Archive
- OLAC resources in and about the Coast Miwok language
- Coast (Bodega) Miwok basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
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