The chiefs of the Clan Farquharson trace their ancestry back to Farquhar, fourth son of Alexander "Ciar" of Rothiemurchus.[4] Alexander Shaw was the fifth chief of the
Clan Shaw.[5] His descendants took the name Farquharson.[5] Another of Alexander's sons was Donald, who married Isobel Stewart, the heiress of
Invercauld.[4] Donald's son was Finla Mor who was the real progenitor of the clan.[4]MacFionlaigh Mòr is the
Scottish Gaelic patronymic.[4] Finla Mor was the royal banner bearer at the
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547 where he was killed.[4] However he produced nine sons over two marriages from which the important cadet branches of the clan were sprung and the clan grew in stature.[4]
Up to this point Clan Farquaharson was not part of the Clan Chattan Federation who occasionally raided their lands. There is story of a Chattan spy, Lamont of Inverey who was caught by the Farquaharsons in 1589 and hanged on a charge of stealing livestock. The tree, a Scots fir was subsequently called the Farquharsons Hanging Tree and became the plant symbol of the clan.[6]
In 1595 the Clan Farquharson joined the
Chattan Confederation and a bond of
manrent acknowledged the chief of
Clan Mackintosh, who was also chief of Clan Chattan as their "natyff cheiff".[4]
Towards the end of the 16th century the
Clan Erskine chiefs set out to claim the
Earldom of Mar but they were opposed by the increasing power of the Farquharsons.[4] In 1628
Braemar Castle was built by
John Erskine (
Earl of Mar) as a bulwark against them, but in 1716 it fell into the hands of the Clan Farquharson.[4] The clan became known as the fighting Farquharsons due to their fierce reputation and they became strong supporters of the Stuarts.[4]
In the late 17th century the
Earl of Airlie came into dispute with the
Clan MacThomas over the lands of Canlochcan.[9] Airlie's legal action was successful but the chief of Clan MacThomas refused to recognize this and continued to pasture his cattle on the disputed land.[9] In response Airlie used his legal right to lease the land to men of the Clan Farquharson which led to a feud.[9] On 28 January 1673 Farquharson of Broughdearg was killed along with two sons of the chief of Clan MacThomas.[9] The lawsuits that followed crippled the MacThomas chief.[9]
On the south side of the
Black Isle, Ross-shire, are McFarquhar's Cave and McFarquhar's Bed which are apparently named after a 17th century smuggler.[10][11][12]
In 1745 the strength of the Clan was estimated as 500 by
Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden.[5] On 23 December 1745, 300 men of the Clan Farquharson had fought as Jacobites in their victory at the
Battle of Inverurie (1745).[14] During the
Jacobite rising of 1745, the cousin of John Farquharson was
Lady Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh who was wife of Angus Mackintosh, chief of Clan Mackintosh.[4] Angus Mackintosh was in fact a serving officer in the
Black Watch regiment of the British Army and he was captured at the
Battle of Prestonpans by Jacobite forces.[4] Mackintosh was sent home to
Moy having been given parole not to take arms against the Jacobites and when he arrived he was greeted by his wife, Anne Farquharson, who said "Your servant, captain" to which he replied "Your servant, colonel".[4] She was ever after known as Colonel Anne.[4] Anne later saved
Charles Edward Stuart from capture in what is known as the
Rout of Moy.[4] Anne was imprisoned for six weeks after the
Battle of Culloden.[4] Francis Farquharson of Monaltrie led the Farquharsons at the Battle of Culloden and although he survived he was imprisoned and was condemned to death, but was lucky enough to have his execution reduced to exile.[7]
The McFarquhars of
Redcastle on the Black Isle were Jacobites.[15]
Modern clan
Alwyne Arthur Compton Farquharson, Chief of the Name and Arms of Farquharson, 16th Baron of Invercauld and Omnalprie,
MC,
JP; as recognised by
Lord Lyon King of Arms died on 6 October 2021.[16] Born 1 May 1919 as Alwyne Arthur Compton, son of Major Edward Robert Francis Compton, of Newby Hall, Ripon, Yorkshire, and of Torloisk, Aros, Isle of Mull, Scotland (grandson of
William Compton, 4th Marquess of Northampton) and Sylvia Farquharson of Invercauld,[17] he was confirmed MacFionnlaidh by Lyon Court in 1949, having taken the name of Farquharson. He served with distinction as a Captain in the Royal Scots Greys during World War Two. Captain Farquharson resided at Valley Farm, Norfolk with his second wife, Madame Patricia Farquharson.[18] He is succeeded by his great-nephew Philip.
Castles
Castles held by the Farquhars and Farquharsons have included:
Invercauld House, two miles north-east of
Braemar in Aberdeenshire is a solid castellated mansion with a massive tower, battlements and turrets.[7] It is built with an old tower house built into its fabric.[7] It was originally held by the
Clan Stewart but passed to the Farquharsons when Donald Farquharson married the heiress of Invercauld.[7] Their son was the Findlay Mor who was the Royal Standard Bearer at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547 and was killed there.[7] It was from here that the Earl of Mar, leader of the
Jacobite rising of 1715 called out the Jacobites and the Farquharsons of Invercauld still flourish.[7]
Inverey Castle, four miles west of Braemar, was the seat of John Farquharson of Inverey, the Black Colonel, who murdered John Gordon of Brackley in 1666 as recorded in the old ballad The Baron o' Brackley.[7] John Farquharson of Inverey defeated a force attacking Braemar Castle, which he then torched.[7] Inverey was demolished in 1689 following the
Battle of Killiecrankie.[7]
Kindrochit Castle The ruins of an 11th Century castle built by King Malcolm Canmore. The remains are located in Braemar across from the local butchery shop.
Braemar Castle, just north-east of Braemar is a seventeenth century L-plan tower house with crowning turrets.[7] It is defended by star shaped artillery defences that date from the next century.[7] The castle was built by the Earl of Mar in 1628 but because they did not support
James VII of Scotland in 1689, the castle was seized and torched by John Farquharson of Inverey, the Black Colonel.[7] When the Jacobite rising of 1715 fizzled out the castle passed to the Farquharsons of Invercauld.[7]
Monaltrie House was held by the Farquharsons who fought for
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose in the 1640s and then for Charles II at the
Battle of Worcester in 1651.[7] Francis Farquharson of Monaltrie led the Farquharsons at the Battle of Culloden and although he survived he was imprisoned and was condemned to death, but was lucky enough to have his execution reduced to exile.[7] Monaltrie house was burned after the Battle of Culloden.[7]
Gilmilnscroft, four miles south-east of
Mauchline in
Ayrshire, is a T-plan house that was held by the Farquhars and dates from the seventeenth century.[7] It may incorporate a tower house and the lands were held by the Farquhars from the fourteenth to twentieth century.[7] The building was restored in 1968 and is still occupied.[7]
Mounie Castle, three miles north-west of
Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire is an altered seventeenth century T-plan house with a round stair tower that passed from the
Clan Seton to the Farquhars in 1634 and then to the
Clan Hay in 1701.[7]
Tolquhon Castle, four miles east of Oldmeldrum, is a courtyard castle with a range of buildings and a drum towered gatehouse.[7] The original castle was built by the Prestons of Craigmillar but passed to the
Clan Forbes in 1420 who built the present castle.[7] It was sold to the Farquhars in 1716.[7]
^Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The
Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 84 - 85.
^
abcdeWay, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The
Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 258 - 259.
^"McFarquhar's Bed". thefriendsofhughmiller.org.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2023.